One of the most important areas of development of the agro-industrial complex at the present stage is obtaining high and sustainable grain yields. Spring triticale plays a significant role in solving this problem, as one of the most productive grain crops. In this case, adjusting the seeding rate is an affordable and effective method for successfully managing the crop's productivity. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the optimal sowing dates and seeding rates of spring triticale in the zone of ordinary chernozems of Northern Kazakhstan, providing a maximum yield of grain products. The innovation of this article is that it presents data on the study of sowing dates and seeding rates of nontraditional spring triticale culture of two varieties -Dauren and Rossika in the conditions of the North Kazakhstan region. The results of the average yield of spring triticale varieties depending on the sowing period, seeding rates, and meteorological indicators of the growing season of 2019-2021 were provided. It was concluded that the most optimal sowing period is the end of the second ten daysthe third ten days of May, and the optimal seeding rate is in the range of 4.0-5.0 million germinable seeds per hectare.

In today’s reality, the agriculture plays a very important role not only in achievement of sustainable economic development, but also in solving the global problem of hunger and ensuring the state independence from external food supplies. All above makes this industry an important factor for consideration in many countries. In this paper, the authors placed the emphasis on the economic analysis of individual crops in the industry, namely spring wheat in the North Kazakhstan region. Thus, the purpose of the work was to calculate the economic feasibility of growing this crop. The analysis was the main method during writing process. Besides, statistical research methods played an important role, as well as comparison, modelling, induction, and other methods. The article demonstrated that the cost of elite seed production is much higher than the cost of commercial grain crops per hectare. At the same time, the seed production helps to increase profitability per hectare; however, it can be observed the opposite trend in terms of efficiency per unit of capital invested, which was higher for producers of commercial grains than seeds. With that, the specifics of seed production impose higher requirements on agricultural producers in terms of energy efficiency, namely the provision of machine-tractor fleet and fleet of agricultural machinery, storage facilities, as well as equipment for cleaning grain. The paper draws conclusions about the decision for entrepreneurs to invest in the production of one or another type of product. The article brings new knowledge for understanding the peculiarities of economic development in Kazakhstan, especially in regional aspect and sector specifics

Spring soft wheat is a primary agricultural crop of North Kazakhstan, the growing process of which is done in harsh weather conditions due to the fact, that early spring drought and the biggest rainfalls at the end of June and beginning of July, are normal in the region. Due to this fact, scientists and producers have mistakenly believed that in the Northern region, spring wheat should be sown later, adjusting the main phase of plant development “tillering – stem elongation” under the maximum summer rainfalls. The research aims to establish the dependence of spring wheat yield on the amount of spring-summer rainfall at different sowing periods. The following methods were used in the research: field method, methods of clustering, variation, correlation and dispersion analysis. Analysis of observations from 2012-2021 showed that years with an early-spring drought and mid-summer maximum rainfalls were less than one-third of ten and about 60% were years with no spring drought, although the maximum rainfall period was shifted to the June month. However, only one year (10%) was characterized by a severe spring drought and a shift of summer rainfalls to August. The highest yield (26.9 c/ha) of the studied wheat species was observed in years with an atmospheric precipitation shift at the beginning of the summer period and early sowing date. During years of early spring drought with the biggest rainfall in mid-summer, relatively high yields (20.5 cwt/ha) are observed in the later sowing dates. The practical value of the research is determined by the fact, that in Northern Kazakhstan the sowing dates of spring wheat are not closely tied to the calendar dates and depend significantly on the climatic conditions of the region and the weather conditions that prevailed in the spring and summer period of a specific year