We investigated animal and human anthrax cases during a 13-year period in eastern Turkey. From 1992 to 2004, a total of 464 animal and 503 human anthrax cases were detected. Most cases occurred in summer. Anthrax remains a health problem in eastern Turkey, and preventive measures should be taken.

In the last half century, decreasing biodiversity caused by anthropogenic factors turned into ecosystem health problem. With the decrease of biodiversity, the degradation of the ecological balance also poses a threat to public health. The damages caused by ecological and anthropogenic factors are the main triggers for the development of Emerging Zoonotic Diseases (EZDs). In this context, persistent EZDs due to multiple factors have reached more dangerous levels in terms of human, animal and environmental health. Increasing land-use changes, intensified agriculture and animal husbandry practices, global climate changes, changes in people's food consumption preferences, intensive migration from rural to urban areas, ecological distortions due to changing trade and tourism mobility are all human-induced dynamics, all of which lead to socioeconomic threats. In recent years, both ecosystem related problems resulting from the decline of biodiversity and the dynamic interactions between human, animal and environment (HAE) have made interdisciplinary cooperation more important than in the past. It has become an inevitable necessity to eliminate the accumulated Anthropocene remains in the last 150 years, to solve the health problems at the HAE-interface and to make the health and well-being of humanity sustainable. These accumulated problems of today can be solved with 'One Health' which is defined as multi-interdisciplinary understanding, joint effort and thought system which is worked on local, national, regional and global-scale in order to obtain the optimum health for humans, animals and our environment. As a result, interdisciplinary cooperation should be prioritized to solve common problems of complex health problems and threats. Therefore, the 'One Health' approach should be functionalized, institutionalized and expanded. Because exponentially growing ecological, anthropogenic disasters increase microbial threats. Therefore, in the 21st century, humanity has no more than 50 years to lose.

Objective: Zoonotic diseases are public health problems on a global scale that threaten health socioeconomically. In the last quarter of the century, this problem has gained a huge ground in health care services, along with ever increasing new infectious diseases. Nurses are health employees who have a "role model" influence in a society and in providing health services. In this study, aimed to investigate the knowledge levels of nurses about sources, contagion and prevention precautions of zoonosis. Methods: This study was carried out with volunteer nurses who have worked in public and private hospitals in the center of Kocaeli province. The questionnaire consisting of 30 questions in descriptive type was implemented in 2012. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS v.20 program. Results: Only 46% (n=550) of the nurses working in the hospitals participated in the study. Of the participants, 70% were in the 26-44 age group, and 67% were in the 1-5 years of duty. Most of the ÖZET Amaç: Zoonotik hastalıklar küresel ölçekte, sağlığı sosyoekonomik yönden tehdit eden halk sağlığı sorunudur. Son çeyrek yüzyılda, giderek sayısal artış gösteren yeni çıkan enfeksiyon hastalıklarıyla birlikte bu sorun sağlık hizmetlerinde geniş bir boyut kazanmıştır. Hemşireler, toplumda ve sağlık hizmeti sunumunda "rol model" etkileri olan sağlık çalışanlarıdır. Bu çalışma; zoonozların kaynakları, bulaşma yolları ve korunma önlemleri hakkında hemşirelerin bilgi düzeylerini tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntemler: Bu araştırma, Kocaeli merkezinde bulunan kamu ve özel hastanelerde aktif çalışan gönüllü hemşirelerle yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı tipte, 30 sorudan meydana gelen anket 2012'de uygulanmıştır. Toplanan veriler SPSS v.20 programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Hastanelerde çalışan hemşirelerin sadece %46'sı (n=550) araştırmaya katılmıştır. Katılımcıların %70'i 26-44 yaş grubunda, %67'si 1-5 hizmet yılındaydılar. Hemşirelerin çoğu (n=380)

ABSTARCTToday, as the dynamics of change in the twenty-first century are effective and education methods and communication are increasingly being global, health services in Turkey can no doubt remain outside this constant change and universal interaction wind. The aim of this paper is to display the story of qualitative development and change of the Vocational School of Health Services(VSHS), which has a history of 35 years in the health education services in Turkey.This paper aims to emphasize personal testimony to the contributions made by health professions educators, who attach importance to national standards and concerns about "standardlessness", to the development process of the universities, in order to make of the Associate Degree Health Professions Education (ADHPE) in our country meet the universal standards.This paper proposes the revival and emphasizes the interprofessionally unifying potential power of the Symposiums of Health Service Vocational Schools, which initially aimed to miove around the different universities of Turkey starting from the capital Ankara as a "common mind movement", but somehow failed to maintain a continuous character. Maintainance of quality in health services, economic gains in costs and 'humanitarian health service' are only possible with trained, socioculturally enriched and appreciated health workers.To maintain the long-awaited standard, quality and high value added in health care services in Turkey, and to attain innovation and sustainability; ADHPE, with a high level of contemporary knowledge, skill, and respect for Health Technicians should be prioritised and supported in every aspect.As a result, the solution to the problems of ADHPE, which matters for "social-strategy" and health-economical aspects for Turkey's future, is based on creating new interprofessional educational coopereations, appreciating universal developments and updating the managerial and organizational approaches by focusing on new dynamics in a more effective and competent way. The solution to the ADHPE problems is to provide functionality of the critical thinking education within the curriculum in order to "provide humane healthcare services" with competent health manpower fully equipped in terms of quality and efficiency.