This study examines time trends in lung-cancer mortality rates among men in Lithuania during the period 1965-1994. Age-standardized mortality rates increased from 32.5 per 100,OOO in 1964-1969 to 62.9 per l00,OOO in 1990-1994. Regression analysis indicates that net drift (sum of cohort and period slopes) was positive. Cohort effect was dominant in the trend obsewed. Mortality in cohorts born before 1945 showed an increase. In younger generations, born after 1945, the risk declined in each subsequent cohort. Higher prevalence of cigarettes with filters and lower tar content of cigarettes may be of importance. This analysis suggests that mortality will rise until cohorts born around I950 reach middle age or old age. After that some stabilization can be expected if other conditions remain unchanged and previous trends continue.o 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Lung cancer is the most common malignant disease in many countries. Time trends in lung-cancer mortality differ between countries, cohorts and sexes (Coleman et al., 1993; Kubik et al., 1995). Incidence and mortality patterns in Lithuania were analyzed previously (Gurevicius, 1987; Stukonis and Gurevicius, 1988). The aim of the current study was to examine time trends of lung-cancer mortality during the period 1965-1994 in Lithuania, assessing the importance of the effects of age, period and birth cohort as risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODSOfficial data from the Lithuanian Department of Statistics on lung-cancer deaths among men in Lithuania for the period 1965-1994 were used. Data were obtained in 5-year age groups and grouped by 5-year period intervals. Age adjustment was carried out using the world standard population. As lung cancer is a rare disease among men under 25 years of age and information on diagnosis is probably less reliable for those above 74, only the age groups between 25 and 74 years were included in regression analysis.Analysis of mortality was performed fitting a log-linear regression model:In h j k = 'PO + 'Pai + 'Ppj + 'Pck where X;jk is mortality rate, q0 is the constant and qai, qPj and qck are parameters that represent age, period and cohort effects. The goodness of fit of the models was assessed using likelihood ratio statistics (deviance). The degree to which period and cohort terms contributed to the model was estimated by the difference in the deviance between age-cohortperiod model and age-cohort or age-period models. Estimates of the parameters and likelihood ratio statistics were obtained through the GLIM computer program (Francis et al., 1994).Age-cohort-period model was used for data analysis. The overall linear trend (or net drift) was identified from the regression model by the sum of the period and cohort slopes (Holford, 1992;Clayton and Schifflers, 1987). This summary represents the linear change in mortality over the 30-year period (% per 5-year interval); however, it does not distinguish between period and cohort effects. Non-drift effects (known as curvature parameters) estimate specifically period or specifically cohort infl...

The paper presents the investigation of The Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian (6th edition) from the point of view of its coverage in comparison with a Joint Corpus of Lithuanian. Resources, methods and procedures are described together with the results revealing that only 81 % of the dictionary lemmas have their counterparts in the corpus.

In the paper the method is presented how to update traditional digitalised dictionaries based on comparison of the dictionary lemmas and a big corpus. Hunspell platform is used for generation of all the word forms from the dictionary lemmas. 6th edition of The Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian was chosen for its comparison with the lexical data from The Joint Corpus of Lithuanian. The outcome of the comparison was two lists of non-overlapping lexis: the list of the dictionary lemmas unused in the present-day Lithuanian and the list of the dictionary gaps, i.e., frequently used words and word forms ignored by the dictionary. The latter is discussed in greater detail to give lexicographers a clue for updates.

SantraukaNemažą bet kurio mokslinio teksto dalį sudaro įvairiai pavartojami kitų autorių tekstai, tad intertekstualumas, arba kitų tekstų panaudojimas naujame tekste, sulaukia nemažai dėmesio ir iš kalbininkų, ir iš bibliometrų, tai yra ir svarbus rodiklis mokslo vertinimo politikoje. Vienos iš intertekstualumo išraiškų moksliniame tekste -nuorodų į šaltinius -vartojimas yra išsamiai tyrinėtas anglakalbėje literatūroje, pastebėtos įdomios kokybinės ir kiekybinės nuorodų vartojimo tendencijos, atskleisti tarpdisciplininiai ypatumai. Lietuviškame moksliniame diskurse nuorodos į šaltinius yra beveik visai netyrinėtos. Šiame straipsnyje aptariami nuorodų į šaltinius moksliniame tekste rodikliai: nuorodų tankis, literatūros sąraše pateikiamų šaltinių publikavimo metai, pasikartojančių šaltinių dažnis, šaltinių įvairovės procentinis paskaičiavimas, vienanarių ir daugianarių nuorodų lizdų santykis, nuorodų pasiskirstymas teorinėje ir praktinėje darbo dalyse, literatūros šaltinių žanrinis santykis, citatų, persakymų ir percitavimų pasiskirstymas, jų pristatymas tekste ir nuorodų detalumas. Tyrimas atliktas remiantis dviem disertacijomis, pelniusiomis kasmetinį geriausios humanitarinių ir socialinių mokslų disertacijos apdovanojimą Lietuvos jaunųjų mokslininkų sąjungos organizuojamame konkurse. Aptariamos disertacijos atskleidžia skirtingus šaltinių panaudojimo būdus, kurie iliustruoja skirtingas argumentacijos ir šaltinių integravimo tradicijas atskirose disciplinose.Raktažodžiai: intertekstualumas, citavimo indeksai, nuorodos į šaltinius, kiekybinė ir kokybinė analizė, tarpdisciplininiai tyrimai Jolanta ŠinkūnienėAnglų filologijos katedra Vilniaus universitetas Universiteto g. 5 LT-01513 Vilnius, Lietuva

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