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This paper presents the research on the structure, short-term compression and tension of hemp fibers composite. The density of hemp fibers composite varied from ~40 to ~96 kg/m3. The mechanical characteristics of such hemp fibers composite mostly depend on the materials structure and density. By the mechanical tests it was determined that compressive stress of the hemp fibers composite depends on the direction of the load to the specimens face (perpendicular, across and parallel to the direction of formation).

In the last two decades intensive grow of industry of building materials from renewable resources is observed. Such situation is related to some aspects: global warming, environmental pollution, impact on human health, environmental impact of materials at their end-of-life. In current study development of thermal insulation materials from hemp and polylactide fibres are analysed. While main parameter for thermal insulation materials is thermal conductivity, rational density of composite 40 kg/m3 was chosen. For experiments 11 compositions were prepared. One composition was prepared just with hemp and polylactide fibres, five compositions with different amount of hydrophobic agent and 5 compositions with different amount of fire retardant. Experimentally thermal conductivity, sound absorption coefficient, short-term water absorption, fire resistance, water vapour transfer properties and compressive strength were determined. Rational amount of hydrophobic agent and fire retardants was chosen.

A large number of energy inefficient buildings were constructed without taking into account the principles of green building, which requires efficient utilization of local resources. In this work hemp and peat fibres were used in order to produce effective ecological thermal insulating material. Tests were carried out using short dishevelled hemp and chopped peat fibres. Effective composites from local renewable resources were produced. Macro-and microstructures of composites as well as hemp and peat fibres have shown that activated peat allows getting ecological binder for insulating materials. Hemp and peat fibres are orientated chaotically and fibres consist of many yarns. Investigations have shown that thermal conductivity of natural fibres depends on material density and structure.