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This study explores the ',literacy events" that occurred in one sixth-grade classroom. In pan'icular, the study focuses on the %nofficial" uses of literacy that are part of the underground classroom culture of the students. Research methods used included participant-obseruation, open-ended interviews, and samples of the children's writing. A n analysis of the nonacademic writing of the children revealed that they use writing to present themselves, to share, and to order. Much Itnaming is going on in this unofficial capacity, some clearly exceeding a d d t expectations. CULTURE, COMMUNICATION, LITER-ACY, CLASSROOM School knowledge never speaks for itself; rather it is constantly filtered through the ideological and cultural experiences that students bring to the classroom.-Henry Giroux and Peter McLaren, 1986 Harvard Educational Review 56(3):21>238

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This paper describes a project in which instruction in mathematical language and strategies for adapting to the Australian university environment were integrated into mathematics classes. The classes were part of a program which enables overseas students to meet the entry requirements of Australian business faculties. The project used the action research methodology in which observations of the students' reactions motivated further activities. The outcomes of the project are described using the diary entries made by students, teacher and observer. These show that students developed an awareness of the need to improve their language skills and to make cultural adjustments and made some progress in these directions.