This study explored verbal, visual, motor, and tactile humor appreciation and comprehension among preschool children with epilepsy as compared with healthy children. Participants included 32 children with focal epilepsy, as well as 70 healthy controls. The results suggest that children with epilepsy assess humor dichotomously (as either not funny at all or as extremely funny) and generally as less amusing when compared with ratings given by controls (M = 6.08, and M = 7.44, P = .01, respectively). They also gave significantly lower ratings to verbal jokes than to visual jokes. Furthermore, children with epilepsy assessed the jokes they understood (ie, gave expected explanations to the content of jokes) as less funny. An important finding from our study was that children with epilepsy assess aggressive humor as not funny. The most frequent emotional reaction in both groups to jokes from all subtests was a smile, followed by a half-smile.

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Abstract. When it comes to business and marketing, huge outdoor advertising is considered as one of the best ways by contributing largely in disseminating information about a product, service or even raise awareness. With commuters or the people riding in a moving car as its target audience, the placement of advertising materials is very crucial since it should be visible and must deliver its message in a short span of time. This study tests the methodology of gathering data using action camera and DSLR mounted and situated on a moving vehicle, utilizing structure from motion techniques, to extract the geometry of the billboards from the point cloud generated from structure-from-motion as acquired from camera videos that would be used to represent these billboards in the three-dimensional space. These extracted geometries would be used for visibility analysis from a passenger’s point of view by assessing the percentage of visible content and logos of each billboard from each point of observation along the path of a moving vehicle. The results of this study are nine sets of mean percent visibilities and raster representations that show the mean percent visibility of the billboards as viewed from the road of interest. To assess product placement effectiveness of the billboards, visibility percentage of the product logos contained in the nine billboards was also obtained.

Good interpersonal communication between tourists and tourism service providers contributes to positive word-of-mouth among tourists. If this basic need is not fulfilled by tourism service providers, disappointed tourists will not hesitate to share their negative experience and express their negative feelings with others either face-to-face or in virtual communities via travel websites. The present study examined tourists’ online reviews by focusing on 275 negative evaluations of interpersonal communication with tourism service providers. The study found that issues related to interpersonal communication in service encounters could be categorized in three major categories of synchronous communication, asynchronous communication and non-verbal communication. Based on these findings, the study proposed four communicative activities i.e. role-play, problem solving, story-telling and group project activities to be conducted in English for tourism classes to help consolidate students’ English language competency and better prepare them for their careers in tourism.