This study aimed to evaluate by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the morphological features of the oral mucosa endothelial tip cells (ETCs) and to determine the immune and ultrastructural patterns of the stromal nonimmune cells which could influence healing processes. Immune labeling was performed on bioptic samples obtained from six edentulous patients undergoing surgery for dental implants placement; three normal samples were collected from patients prior to the extraction of the third mandibular molar. The antibodies were tested for CD34, CD117(c-kit), platelet derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFR-a), Mast Cell Tryptase, CD44, vimentin, CD45, CD105, alpha-smooth muscle actin, FGF2, Ki67. In light microscopy, while stromal cells (StrCs) of the reparatory and normal oral mucosa, with a fibroblastic appearance, were found positive for a CD34/ CD44/CD45/CD105/PDGFR-a/vimentin immune phenotype, the CD117/c-kit labeling led to a positive stromal reaction only in the reparatory mucosa. In TEM, non-immune StrCs presenting particular ultrastructural features were identified as circulating fibrocytes (CFCs). Within the lamina propria CFCs were in close contact with ETCs. Long processes of the ETCs were moniliform, and hook-like collaterals were arising from the dilated segments, suggestive for a different stage migration. Maintenance and healing of oral

The osseous nasal septum (NS) consists of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (PPE) and the vomer bone. Few studies evaluated the possibilities of septal pneumatization of the PPE, or adjacent to it. We aimed to observe the anatomical possibilities of NS pneumatizations. A retrospective lot of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) files was used. One hundred seventy-one CBCT files from 51 males and 120 females were documented. There were found 46 files that were null for septal pneumatization. The other cases (73.1%) had different septal pneumatizations extended from neighboring air spaces. Pneumatized crista galli (CG) exclusively extended from a frontal sinus was found in 7.01% of cases. The frontal sinuses had minor extensions anterior to the PPE in 7.6% of cases. Unique or double pneumatizations of the sphenoidal rostrum extending within the posterior part of the PPE were detected in 71.34% of cases. In six cases were found ethmoidal pneumatizations of the PPE, either from an anterior ethmoid cell, or from a posterior one, or from a pneumatized CG. In this last case was found a sinus septi nasi of 25.37 mm sagittal size. The supra-septal recesses of the ethmoid air cells were roofing the respective nasal fossa. As all the morphological possibilities of NS pneumatization involve the upper part of the PPE, they should be adequately discriminated anatomically, as well as when the NS and the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone are approached surgically.

No abstract

Several methods and materials are used in modern restorative dentistry for anterior dental lesions treatment. The desired aesthetic outcome can be obtained only with the correct treatment method correlated to case particularities. Sometimes, subjective and unrealistic approaches lead immediately or in time to undesirable dental restorations. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the statistic distribution of aesthetic anterior dysfunctions detected on 425 patients from both genders that had restorative treatment during a period of 10 years. For each patient, there has been conducted an initial clinical examination and a photographic documentation was made. Also, each patient was asked to submit a questionnaire regarding his dental history. The results of the study represented the foundation for the discussions regarding the causes that led to aesthetic dysfunctions. The conclusions indicated that all errors that conducted to an initial failure of treatment are only connected with the medical decisions made by the dentist.

The restoration of a proximal wall depends on several factors, the conformation system playing one of the most important parts of the working protocol. The vertical, transversal and sagittal adaptation of the matrix band implies the use of one or two wedges and of a sectional matrix device (usually with a ring shape) with tines. The size, configuration and the material the tines are made of determine most of the quality of the adaption and stabilization of the matrix band. Even if these standardized tines have various designs and variable flexibility, a truly efficient tine should have a customized configuration which can be obtained after taking the impression of the initial proximal wall. The clinical situations that allow the customization of the standard tines imply proximal caries that have not interrupted the proximal wall or that have interrupted it less than one third of the transversal distance.