Capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) can be a significant problem in adolescent overhead athletes. The cause is likely multifactorial secondary to repetitive stresses, biomechanical mismatch, and a tenuous vascular supply of the capitellum. Recent literature reveals that the prevalence is likely higher than previously thought. This, in conjunction with increased levels of athletic competition in children at younger ages, has fed the recent interest in this topic. The literature continues to show that non-operative treatment is still successful for stable lesions. Unstable lesions, therefore, have been the focus of the new literature regarding operative management and outcomes. The aim of this paper is to provide a summary of current literature and an up-to-date approach to the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum.

Although older adults may experience health challenges requiring increased care, they often do not ask for help. This scoping review explores the factors associated with the help-seeking behaviors of older adults, and briefly discusses how minority ethnic populations can face additional challenges in help-seeking, due to factors such as language barriers and differing health beliefs. Guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-AnalysesScoping Review guidelines, a systematic search of five databases was conducted. Using a qualitative meta-synthesis framework, emergent themes were identified. Data from 52 studies meeting inclusion criteria were organized into five themes: formal and informal supports, independence, symptom appraisal, accessibility and awareness, and language, alternative medicine and residency. Identifying how factors, including independence and symptom appraisal, relate to older adults’ help-seeking behaviors may provide insights into how this population can be supported to seek help more effectively.

Background: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common and disturbing and can deter or disrupt the care process. Bathing is associated with the highest frequency of BPSD, triggering a fear response in dementia patients. As part of a larger feasibility/pilot study, this investigation explored whether exposure to MindfulGarden (MG), a digital screen-based calming device, can minimize BPSD during bathing -an activity well-documented to be problematic for both residents and staff. Objective: To determine outcome trends of exposure to MG on number and type of BPSD exhibited by residents with dementia during bathing and on staff time to undress, shower and re-dress them. Method: 8 long-term care home residents (5F, 3M) mean age 86.00±8.16, diagnosed with dementia and reported by care staff as exhibiting BPSD were observed while being showered in their en-suite bathroom. On Days 1 and 2 staff followed the usual bathing procedure; on Day 3 exposure to MG was added. A 26-item checklist developed in a previous study, based on the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory and the work of Gutman, Mac-Fadgen and Killam, was used to record type and frequency of BPSD, time of staff entry and exit from the resident's room was recorded, and on Day 3 staff rated MG exposure as having a positive, neutral or negative effect. Results: Days 1 -2 yielded highly similar results -an average of 4 BPSD per resident and an average bathing time of 13-14 minutes, with the most common BPSD on both days being physical resistance, verbal resistance, screaming, complaining, and strange noises. Subsequent to exposure to MG (Day 3) trends were observed towards reduction in number of BPSD and bathing duration. Conclusion: MG shows some promise in calming residents, reducing resistance to care, and allowing bathing to proceed more quickly.

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