We demonstrate the efficacy of a Bayesian statistical inversion framework for reconstructing the likely characteristics of large pre‐instrumentation earthquakes from historical records of tsunami observations. Our framework is designed and implemented for the estimation of the location and magnitude of seismic events from anecdotal accounts of tsunamis including shoreline wave arrival times, heights, and inundation lengths over a variety of spatially separated observation locations. The primary advantage of this approach is that all of the assumptions made in the inversion process are incorporated explicitly into the mathematical framework. As an initial test case we use our framework to reconstruct the great 1852 earthquake and tsunami of eastern Indonesia. Relying on the assumption that these observations were produced by a subducting thrust event, the posterior distribution indicates that the observables were the result of a massive mega‐thrust event with magnitude near 8.8 Mw and a likely rupture zone in the north‐eastern Banda arc. The distribution of predicted epicentral locations overlaps with the largest major seismic gap in the region as indicated by instrumentally recorded seismic events. These results provide a geologic and seismic context for hazard risk assessment in coastal communities experiencing growing population and urbanization in Indonesia. In addition, the methodology demonstrated here highlights the potential for applying a Bayesian approach to enhance understanding of the seismic history of other subduction zones around the world.

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To summarize knowledge and identify gaps in evidence about the relationship between social determinants of health (SDH) and postsepsis outcomes. DATA SOURCES:We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica database, and the Cochrane Library. STUDY SELECTION:We identified articles that evaluated SDH as risk factors for mortality or readmission after sepsis hospitalization. Two authors independently screened and selected articles for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION:We dual-extracted study characteristics with specific focus on measurement, reporting, and interpretation of SDH variables.DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 2,077 articles screened, 103 articles assessed risk factors for postsepsis mortality or readmission. Of these, 28 (27%) included at least one SDH variable. Inclusion of SDH in studies assessing postsepsis adverse outcomes increased over time. The most common SDH evaluated was race/ethnicity (n = 21, 75%), followed by payer type (n = 10, 36%), and income/wealth (n = 9, 32%). Of the studies including race/ethnicity, nine (32%) evaluated no other SDH. Only one study including race/ethnicity discussed the use of this variable as a surrogate for social disadvantage, and none specifically discussed structural racism. None of the studies specifically addressed methods to validate the accuracy of SDH or handling of missing data. Eight (29%) studies included a general statement that missing data were infrequent. Several studies reported independent associations between SDH and outcomes after sepsis discharge; however, these findings were mixed across studies. CONCLUSIONS:Our review suggests that SDH data are underutilized and of uncertain quality in studies evaluating postsepsis adverse events. Transparent and explicit ontogenesis and data models for SDH data are urgently needed to support research and clinical applications with specific attention to advancing our understanding of the role racism and racial health inequities in postsepsis outcomes.

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Introduction:Both graduated single-sided total knee arthroplasty (SSTKA) and simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (SBTKA) are viable options for bilateral knee arthritis, and deciding which option to pursue is still debated. We aim to compare the two modalities using the patient-based oxford knee score and Visual analog pain scores in micropolitan settings.Methods:Oxford knee score and Visual analog pain scores were administered preoperatively and postoperatively 1, 6, and 12 months to 115 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. The 115 cohort was divided into two groups, those who underwent SSTKA and those who received SBTKA.Results:Cross-group analysis showed a significant difference with oxford scores at the 1-month postoperative interval (P = 0.026). The within-group analysis of the delta oxford knee scores displayed postoperative improvement at the 0.05 level of significance at 1, 6, and 12 months.Discussion:This study indicates that the patient-based outcome measures for the SBTKA group lagged behind the SSTKA group. The overall improvement a year out from surgery is comparable, and both groups had significant improvement in function. The SBTKA patient group had markedly lower functional outcome measures based on oxford scores at 1 month post-op compared with the SSTKA group; this may help in decision-making and patient selection.