No abstract

Despite facing daunting odds of academic success compared with their more socioeconomically advantaged peers, many students from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds maintain high levels of academic motivation and persist in the face of difficulty. We propose that for these students, academic persistence may hinge on their perceptions of socioeconomic mobility, or their general beliefs regarding whether or not socioeconomic mobility—a powerful academic motivator—can occur in their society. Specifically, low-SES students' desire to persist on a primary path to mobility (i.e., school) should remain strong if they believe that socioeconomic mobility can occur in their society. By contrast, those who believe that socioeconomic mobility generally does not occur should be less motivated to persist academically. One correlational and two experimental studies provide support for this hypothesis among low (but not high) SES high school and university students. Implications for future intervention efforts are discussed.

8. Duffin KC, Yeung H, Takeshita J, et al. Patient satisfaction with treatments for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in clinical practice. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170(3):672-680. 9. Weinstein GD, Koo JY, Krueger GG, et al. Tazarotene cream in the treatment of psoriasis: two multicenter, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies of the safety and efficacy of tazarotene creams 0.05% and 0.1% applied once daily for 12 weeks. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48(5):760-767. 10. Gupta SK, Singh KK, Lalit M. Comparative therapeutic evaluation of different topicals and narrow band ultraviolet B therapy combined with systemic methotrexate in the treatment of palmoplantar psoriasis. Indian J Dermatol. 2011 Mar; 56(2):165-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.09.002 EIS, Electrical impedance spectroscopy. *Total number of clinical decisions made on benign lesions (obtained by multiplying number of survey respondents, 164, by the number of benign lesions in the study, 28). y Total number of clinical decisions made on malignant lesions (obtained by multiplying number of survey respondents, 164, by the number of malignant lesions in the study, 17). z Total number of clinical decisions made on benign and malignant lesions (obtained by multiplying number of survey respondents, 164, by the number of lesions included the study, 45).

Background: Despite the clinical availability and widespread usage of diagnostic and prognostic gene expression profiles (GEP) for the management of melanoma, no recommendations for Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) exist to guide their integration into clinical practice.Objective: To develop a set of consensus-based AUC recommendations for the use of GEP profiling technology in the diagnosis and management of melanoma in specifically-defined situations commonly encountered by the practicing dermatologist.Methods: A systematic Medline literature search was performed to identify all existing evidence pertinent to the clinical efficacy and utility of three melanoma GEP tests that met the inclusion criteria (validated in peer-reviewed literature, US governmentally approved, and currently widely used) for review. A modified Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus and standard SORT criteria were applied. An expert panel of nine dermatologists/dermatologic surgeons/dermatopathologists developed a set of 29 clinical scenarios for the appropriate use of GEP assays and reviewed the available literature to make evidence-based recommendations for each indication.Results: The 2-GEP assay for melanoma diagnosis received 1 B-strength and 6 C-strength recommendations. The 23-GEP diagnostic test received 1 A-strength, 3 B-strength, and 4 C-strength recommendations. The 31-GEP prognostic assay received 1 A-strength, 7 B-strength, and 6 C-strength recommendations.Conclusions: These AUC recommendations provide an evidence-based framework for the integration of melanoma GEP tests into clinical practice.

Background: Insufficient understanding of sunscreen labeling terminology is a bar-