In this article, we present a unique case study in Indianapolis, Indiana, where cultural resource management (CRM) archaeologists, alongside various university archaeologists, tested the use of SfM photogrammetry to effectively replace traditional archaeological methods of mapping and documentation during the excavation of over 500 historic burials. This project was designed with the intention of using SfM photogrammetry for 3D mapping and documentation from its inception, implementing formal procedures and protocols for data collection creating a standard workflow. To our knowledge, this is the first integrated use of SfM at this scale on an archaeological project in Indiana. By the close of fieldwork, over 300 burials had been digitally recorded, and measurable 3D models were generated. We found that the standard photogrammetry workflow implemented for single context excavation was largely successful. First, we outline the data collection process for 3D mapping of single-context excavations at Bethel Cemetery. This is followed by a description of the problems encountered during data collection and the ways the photogrammetry team adapted to variability in field environments for photocapture. Finally, we recommend the adoption of these methods by practitioners/academics as standard practice in the archaeological excavation of human remains.

Objectives: Since its inception, skeletally based paleodemographic research has emphasized the utility of biocultural models for interpreting the dynamic relationship between the sociocultural and ecological forces accompanying demographic transitions and shaping populations' health and well-being. While the demographic transition associated with the Neolithic Revolution has been a common focus in bioarcheology, the present study analyzes human skeletal remains from a large 19th century cemetery in central Indiana to examine population dynamics during the second demographic transition, a period generally characterized by decreasing fertility rates and improvements in life expectancy. This study demonstrates the potential to methodologically identify regional variations in the timing and interactions between broad-scale socioeconomic changes and technological advancements that characterized the time period through observed changes in survivorship and fertility based on age-at-death distributions.Materials and methods: This study uses three temporally distinct samples (AD 1827(AD -1869 1870-1889 1890-1935 from the Bethel Cemetery (n = 503). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses with a log-rank tests are utilized to evaluate survivorship and mortality over time. Next, Cox proportional hazard analyses are employed to examine the interaction between sex and time as covariates.Finally, the D0-14/D ratio is applied to estimate fertility for each of the three temporally bounded cohorts. Results:The Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox proportional hazard modeling revealed statistically significant differences in survivorship between the three time periods. Age-specific mortality rates are reduced among adult female and male age classes in this rural community over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, resulting in the increasing life expectancies

This study explored the flow experiences of male NCAA Division I athletes (n = 80) and intramural athletes (n = 100). Participants completed the Flow State Scale-2 (FSS-2) (Jackson, 2001) as well as several items pertaining to perceived ability. The intramural athletes reported experiencing the merging of action and awareness (p < .05), autotelic experience (p < .05), transformation of time (p < .05), and having clear goals (p < .05) more frequently than the NCAA Division I athletes. No group differences were found for perceived ability. Perceived ability was associated with merging of action and awareness (p < .001) and perceived control (p < .001). Together, the findings suggest different flow characteristics occur in NCAA Division I athletes as opposed to intramural athletes. Further understanding into the experience of flow and the influence of sport context are provided.

The loading response of a single vertical pile was calibrated against strain gage load-history data acquired at a highway bridge abutment located on Steele County Highway 7 in Owatonna, MN. At this site, H-type piles were driven to a weathered bedrock layer and soil surcharging was used to reduce the anticipated settlement of a 15 m (50 ft) thick layer of clayey sand overburden. Evaluating the load in the bridge piling for this case study and subsequent sensitivity modelling provides a comprehensive case study for use as background to the Minnesota Department of Transportation's revised dragload design guidance. The simulation was performed with FLAC3D and the goal of the model was to investigate pile behavior subjected to negative skin friction (downdrag) from approximately 9m (30ft) of abutment backfilling being placed around the stickup length of the pile. The simulation approximated the construction sequence of backfilling by applying a layer-by-layer backfilling approach and approximated structural loading by applying a direct axial force to the top of the pile. A sensitivity analysis was conducted from the calibrated case by changing the stiffness of the strata along the frictional portion of the pile and in the endbearing strata. The variation in maximum force along the pile as well as the position of the neutral plane was observed by varying soil stiffness. The relative stiffness was defined as the ratio between the average Young's modulus along the shaft of the pile and the end-bearing stratum's modulus. The relative stiffness influences the amount of dragload, axial force distribution along the pile and the location of the neutral plane. From the simulations it was observed that for a relative stiffness below 0.1 (very stiff base layer), the neutral plane is at the bottom of the pile and maximum possible dragload forces are realized. At a relative stiffness above 10 (very soft base layer), the neutral plane is near the top of the pile and the drag load force is minimal. This research suggests that for many Minnesota state transportation projects the dragload is centered between the extreme cases. Findings indicate for piles driven to stiff rock, dragload must be evaluated to ensure pile structural capacity is sufficient; historically this check was often ignored.Keywords: Negative Skin Friction, Downdrag, Dragload, FLAC3D, Driven Piles Lucarelli, Blanksma, Dasenbrock, Peterson 3 INTRODUCTION Downdrag forces, dragload, on driven piles may be caused by a variety of site conditions; often dragload is a result of placing fill material on top of a consolidating soil layer near the pile which induces downdrag (a downward deformation of the piling). Design for piles or pile groups should consider the effect of downdrag in order to properly evaluate criteria for strength and service limit states in LRFD design. Current practice is still evolving and at present design guides may non-conservatively underestimate, or over-estimate, the maximum load on the pile if downdrag effects are not treated appropria...

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