No abstract

Recent advances in imaging modalities have led to their greater availability and increased use, particularly computed tomography (CT), while improvements in surgical and anesthetic techniques have resulted in better survival for patients with type A acute aortic dissection [1]. Furthermore, expanded use of endovascular intervention techniques is having a positive effect on management of type B dissection cases [2]. Surgical treatment is usually indicated for a type A acute aortic dissection and medical management is also used for uncomplicated type B cases [3], although long-term outcome results indicate a significant rate of late mortality from late complications in both groups [3,4]. Such complications, especially those involving the descending thoracic aorta in type B aortic dissection cases or type A cases with a persistent false lumen that undergo surgery, are increasingly being managed by endovascular techniques [1,2,4].Although conventional imaging modalities, such as CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), have been used to diagnose aortic diseases, the ability

The presence of both CKD and anemia in patients undergoing CABG for coronary artery disease is synergistically associated with a worse outcome.