Foreign body ingestion is frequently encountered in children. The locations of the foreign bodies and the period during which they have been present in the thorax and abdomen are important for determining the method and timing of treatment. Although plain radiography and computed tomography are primarily used for assessment of foreign bodies, sonography without radiation is also useful for diagnosis of foreign bodies. This report describes 5 cases of foreign bodies in the digestive tract and the usefulness of sonography for real-time evaluation of foreign bodies with high spatial resolution. Physicians can use sonography along with radiography and computed tomography in cases involving foreign bodies.

transfer processes. [2,3] For highly efficient water splitting method, we believe it is quite important to find an effective photocatalyst for OER. Many researchers have attempted to improve photocatalytic activity by loading cocatalysts, which are active for the OER step on photocatalysts or semiconductors. [1][2][3] Although noble metal oxides such as RuO 2 [4,5] and IrO 2 [6] show higher catalytic activity for OER and have also been used as cocatalysts of photocatalysts, the lack of sufficient reserves prohibits their large-scale uses. Therefore, it is necessary to find a promising OER cocatalyst consisting of only transition metal elements. Among transition metal cocatalysts, cobalt-containing materials, such as cobalt oxides (CoO x ) [8][9][10] and cobalt phosphate (Co-Pi), [11,12] are ones of the most frequently studied as the OER cocatalysts, whereas their OER activity are not higher than those of the noble metal oxides. Recently we found that brownmillerite (BM)-type Ca 2 FeCoO 5 (CFCO) possessed higher catalytic OER activity than the noble metal oxides in an alkaline solution. [13,14] The BM structure is categorized as an oxygen-deficiencyordered perovskite-type structure containing a layered arrangement of octahedral (Oh) BO 6 and tetrahedral (Td) BO 4 . [15][16][17][18] Such Oh-and Td-sites are likely to play distinct roles in the enhanced OER activity: the former mainly decreases the overpotential, and the latter enhances the OER current. [13] Therefore, BM-type CFCO is expected to act as a new active cocatalyst for OER by combination with photocatalysts.In general, the particle size of cocatalyst is several nanometers due to increasing interface between the parent catalyst and the cocatalyst, and exposure of the active sites. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] For example, Liu et al. reported size influence of metal oxide cocatalysts on photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 nanosheets for OER. [19] Charge-transfer process in TiO 2 was significantly accelerated by loading the metal oxides clusters with ≈2 nm diameter, leading to enhance the photocatalytic water oxidation rate to oxygen. In solutions, on the other hand, nanometric oxide particles have been utilized as the OER cocatalysts. [20][21][22][23] For example, Maeda and co-workers reported OER catalytic activity of Fe(III)-Cr(III) oxide solid solution [20] combined with PdCrO x[21] on SrTiO 3Brownmillerite-type Ca 2 FeCoO 5 (CFCO) is one of the most effective catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), comparable with noble metal oxides. In this study, crystalline CFCO ultrasmall particles with nanometric dimension are synthesized by a reverse micelle method on TiO 2 nanoparticles. The particle size decreases with decreasing molar ratio of water to surfactant. The precursors of CFCO must be calcined after loading on TiO 2 nanoparticles to achieve CFCO ultrasmall particles with several nanometers in size. Interaction between the precursors and TiO 2 is speculated to suppress aggregation of the precursors during calcination. The photocatalytic activity...

We evaluated an appropriate region of interest (ROI) size for the measurement of full width at half maximum (FWHM) in the bead method (0.1 mm and 0.5 mm diameter; lead) and the microdisk method (0.05 mm thickness and 1.0 mm diameter; tungsten) using multislice computed tomography (CT). The FWHM of preset slice thicknesses 0.625 mm, 1.25 mm, 5.0 mm and 7.5 mm were measured by varying helical pitch, location of measurement [center and off-center of scan field of view (SFOV)] and ROI size, and they were compared with the tolerance stated in the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). It was conlcuded that the appropriate ROI size was influenced by preset slice thickness in this study. At the center of SFOV, measurements of FWHM were enabled within the tolerance of the JIS with small variations in all preset slice thicknesses if the ROI sizes were set between 0.4 times and equal to the size of the bead or microdisk indicating the maximum CT value in the series of CT images. At the off-center of SFOV, the tendency of increasing FWHM was confirmed, but it was shown that variations of the off-center in thicker slice thickness were larger regardless of helical pitch when the orbital synchronized helical scan technique was not used.

In article number 2000053, Etsushi Tsuji and co‐workers demonstrate a new method to synthesize brownmillerite‐type Ca2FeCoO5 ultrasmall particles with several nano‐metric dimensions on TiO2 nanoparticles using reverse micelles. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for oxygen evolution increases by loading of Ca2FeCoO5 ultrasmall particles with 5 nm size, whereas the activity decreases by loading of Ca2FeCoO5 with more than 15 nm size.