A 57-year-old man had trigeminal schwannoma in Meckel's cave with eyelid myokymia only. The evaluation of the trigeminal-evoked blink reflex was useful for confirming eyelid myokymia and contributed to surgical decision-making. In patients with persistent eyelid myokymia, neurophysiological and imaging evaluations may be useful for determining the underlying pathophysiology.

Cerebral air embolism (CAE) is typically associated with diving, trauma, and medical procedures including catheterization and biopsy. Very rarely, some internal diseases can lead to CAE, as opposed to the classic external causes. Here, we report two unusual cases of CAE caused by internal diseases (a pulmonary disease and a bowel one). Case 1 is a 78-year-old male presenting with transarterial CAE led by pneumothorax relating to emphysema and bronchitis based on nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. Case 2 is a 92-year-old male presenting with transvenous CAE arising from hepatic portal venous gas relating to non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI). Pulmonary circulation in Case 1 and portosystemic collateral pathways in Case 2 might play an important role in the mechanism of these CAEs, respectively. Although the correct diagnosis of CAE is immediately difficult, it is essential to bear in mind that a pulmonary or bowel disease could be potentially an internal risk of CAE.

Extracranial infected carotid artery aneurysm (EICA) is rare, but requires rapid surgical repair due to the risk of multiple complications, including rupture. We report two cases of surgical repair of EICA. Case 1: A 63-year-old man had a misplaced central venous catheter in the right common carotid artery two weeks ago. He presented with a subcutaneous tumor in the right cervical region. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a right common carotid artery mycotic pseudoaneurysm. Emergency surgery was performed because of rapid enlargement of the aneurysm. The mycotic pseudoaneurysm and the common carotid artery were repaired by suturing the defect in the arterial wall. The arterial wall around the defect was fragile. The postoperative course was uneventful. Case 2: A 54-year-old man presented with a subcutaneous tumor in the left cervical region after symptoms of common cold. A contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed a left common carotid artery mycotic pseudoaneurysm. He developed thyrotoxicosis caused by destructive thyroiditis. Emergency surgery was performed due to enlargement of aneurysm, observed on follow-up CT. The mycotic pseudoaneurysm and the common carotid artery were repaired using a venous graft. The arterial wall around the defect was fragile. The postoperative course was uneventful. An important finding was that the size of the defect in the arterial wall during surgery was estimated to be larger than that assessed during preoperative evaluation in cases of mycotic aneurysms.