Aim:To identify the relationship between work conditions, unequal work-assignments, lack of work-life control, and burnout or somatic complaints among shift-work nurses.Methods: In January and February 2020, a web-based questionnaire was sent to 4,360 shift-work nurses in Japan. First, an exploratory factor analysis and Spearman correlation were conducted to confirm the construct of unequal work-assignment and lack of work-life control. Second, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between unequal work-assignment, lack of work-life control, and burnout or somatic complaints after adjusting work conditions.Results: Data from 394 nurses were analyzed. An exploratory factor analysis and Spearman correlation revealed lack of work-life control on the basis of three factors: vacation requests are not approved, there is uncertainty about working days and vacations, and nurses cannot take paid vacation. Unequal work-assignment was related to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, uncertainty about working days and vacations was related to emotional exhaustion, and unpaid vacations was related to depersonalization and somatic complaints. Conclusion:In addition to poor working conditions, unequal work-assignments and lack of work-life control may cause psychological or physical stress reactions. 要 旨 目的：看護職の労働条件，相対的に偏りのある勤務割り振り(以下，相対的偏り)や勤務日・休暇の受付日：2021 年 10 月 29 日 受理日：2022 年 1 月 11 日

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution in a synthetic femur that was implanted with a fully hydroxyapatite-coated stem using thermoelastic stress and finite element analyses, and to clarify the differences in the stress distributions between these two methods. Methods: Thermoelastic stress analysis is a stress-analysis technique that employs the thermoelastic effect. Sinusoidal vertical loads were applied to the head of the stem placed on the synthetic femur, and surface stress distribution images were acquired using an infrared stress measurement system. The finite element model for the synthetic femur and stem were set up similarly to the thermoelastic stress analysis experiment, and vertical load was applied to the head of the stem. Surface stress distribution and stress values obtained via these two methods were compared. Results: Thermoelastic stress analysis showed that compressive and tensile stresses were distributed from the proximal femur to the diaphysis, not only on the medial and lateral surfaces, but also on the anterior and posterior surfaces. However, finite element analysis showed that compressive stress was not distributed on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the femoral intertrochanter. The stress values of thermoelastic stress analysis tended to be higher in the proximal femur than that obtained via the finite element analysis. Conclusions: The surface stress distribution obtained by these two methods were different specifically in the proximal femur. Our results imply that thermoelastic stress analysis has a better potential than finite element analysis to show the surface stress distribution that reflects the stem design.

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The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and salsolinol (SAL) for the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in goats. SAL or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was intravenously injected into female goats treated with or without the D DA receptor antagonist haloperidol (Hal), which crosses the blood-brain barrier, and the PRL-releasing response to SAL was compared with that to TRH. PRL-releasing responses to SAL, Hal, and Hal plus SAL were also examined after a pretreatment to augment central DA using carbidopa (Carbi) and L-dopa. The PRL-releasing response to Hal alone was greater than that to SAL or TRH alone. The PRL-releasing response to Hal plus SAL was similar to that of Hal alone. In contrast, the PRL-releasing response to Hal plus TRH was greater than that to TRH or Hal alone. The treatment with Carbi plus L-dopa inhibited SAL- and Hal-induced PRL secretion. The inhibition of the PRL-releasing response to SAL disappeared when SAL was injected with Hal. These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the SAL-induced PRL response differ from those of TRH, and suggest that hypothalamic DA and its synthesis is associated in part with SAL-induced PRL secretion in goats.