No abstract

Polimorfisme genetik dari gen IGF1, GH, dan OPN pada sapi hasil persilangan Sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) silangan Berdasarkan Tipe Kelahiran di Jawa Tengah. Perbaikan produktivitas dengan cara menyilangkan sapi PO terhadap sapi potong eksotik melalui kawin IB disukai banyak peternak di Jawa Tengah. Fertilitas menentukan kemampuan seekor induk sapi dalam menghasilkan anak. Gen IGF1 diduga mempengaruhi kelahiran kembar dan ganda pada sapi, sedangkan gen GH dan OPN menentukan kesuburan reproduksi. Polimorfisme genetik ketiga gen ini dipelajari pada sapi PO silangan untuk kelahiran tunggal (T) dan kelahiran (histori) kembar dan ganda (G) berasal dari dua kabupaten di Jawa Tengah, yaitu dari Sragen (T = 7 ekor, dan G = 13 ekor) dan dari Kendal (T = 9 ekor, dan G = 16 ekor). Polimorfisme genetik diidentifikasi dengan metoda PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction -restriction fragment length polymorphism) menggunakan enzim restriksi SnaBI (gen IGF1), MSpI (gen GH), dan BsrI (gen OPN). Lokus IGF1|SnaBI dari sapi PO silangan yang diamati tidak memberikan varian SNP atau bersifat monomorfik untuk tipe kelahiran tunggal maupun kembar dan ganda. Sebaliknya lokus GH|MSpI dan OPN|BsrI bersifat polimorfik dengan tingkat keragaman cukup tinggi. Disimpulkan lokus IGF1| SnaBI tidak bisa dipakai untuk melihat kemungkinan adanya kontrol genetik kelahiran kembar (ganda), tetapi lokus GH|MSpI dan OPN|BsrI bisa dipertimbangkan sebagai informasi awal untuk seleksi molekular pada sifat kesuburan dari sapi potong. Genetic Polymorphisms of IGF1, GH, and OPN Genes in Crossbred of Peranakan Ongole Cattle Based on Birth Type in Central Java. Improved productivity by crossing Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle to exotic beef cattle through AI mating is preferred by many farmers in Central Java. Fertility determines the ability of a cow to give birth. IGF1 gene is predicted to affect either twin or multiple births in cattle, whereas GH and OPN genes determine reproductive fertility. Genetic polymorphisms of these three genes were studied in the crossbred of PO cattle for single birth (S) as well as twin and multiple (M) births or their historical (M) ones from two districts in Central Java, from Sragen (S = 7 hd and M = 13 hd.) and from Kendal (S = 9 hd, and M = 16 hd.). Genetic polymorphisms were identified by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction -restriction fragment length polymorphism) method using restriction enzymes of SnaBI (IGF1 gene), MSpI (GH gene), and BsrI (OPN gene). IGF1|SnaBI locus in the observed crossbred PO did not have SNP polymorphism or monomorphic for single and twins or multiple births. In contrast, GH|MSpI and OPN|BsrI loci were polymorphic with quite a high degree of diversity. In conclusion, the IGF1|SnaBI locus cannot be used to investigate possible genetic control of twins and multiple births, whilst GH|MSpI and OPN|BsrI polymorphisms can be considered as initial information for selection on fertility traits in beef cattle.

Twin or multiple births may happen in beef cattle. Growth family genes directly control on growth traits, but also can affect on fertility of animal. This study aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms of GHR and Pit1 genes in local Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle from twin and multiple births (M) compared to single birth (S). PO cattle as samples originated from four provinces of South Kalimantan, South Sumatra, Central Java and East Java. SNP variants of the GHR|Ssp locus at exon 8 (A/T) and Pit1|Stu1 locus at exon 3 (C/T) were analyzed by PCR RFLP technique. Allelic frequenciest of the GHR exon 8 g.914T>A locus of the two birth types were high for T allele (M = 78.1–100%, S = 71.4–100%) over A allele. Meanwhile the Pit1 exon 3 c.577C>T locus was monomorphic for the finding only C allele (100 %) without T allele. Some genetic indexes were also calculated for heterozygosity observation (Ho), heterozygosity expectation (He), effective number of alleles (Ne), fixation index (Fis) and polymorphism of information content (PIC). These values were not different between single and multiple births. The conclusion was that allelic frequenciest and genetic index values were almost similar between the two birth types of the local PO cattle.

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene is one of the major genes that has an important role in milk fat synthesis. This research was aimed at to identifying genetic polymorphism of the DGAT1 gene by PCR-RFLP method and its association to milk fatty acid components. Animals studied were Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle from BBPTU Baturraden (123 cows) and BPPT SP Cikole (36 cows). The length of PCR product of the DGAT1gene was 411 bp. Genotyping resulted in two types of alleles, namely K (411 bp) and A (203 and 208 bp); and two genotypes, namely KK (411 bp) and AK (203, 208 and 411 bp). For both locations, genotype frequency of AK (0.75) was higher than KK (0.25). The allele frequency of K (0.64) was higher than A (0.36). Heterozygosity of HF cattles at both locations was relatively high (Ho>He). The DGAT1 gene of the observed HF cattle was polymorphic. Result showed that there was an association between the DGAT1 polymorphism with unsaturated fatty acids especially in nervonat acid. The AK cows had a significant effect on unsaturated fatty acid content of which having a higher nervonat content (0.05%) (P<0.05) than that of the KK cows (0.03%). From the results, it is concluded that the DGAT1 gene can be functioned as a marker of selection for milk fatty acids. PENDAHULUANSusu sapi dikenal sebagai komponen penting dari diet manusia. Nilai gizi susu sapi sering dipromosikan sebagai minuman kesehatan dan terbukti memberikan pengaruh yang positif bagi kesehatan tubuh manusia. Susu sebagai makanan pharmaceutical bermanfaat untuk mencegah penyakit terkait dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh, sistem endokrin, sistem saraf, sistem pencernaan dan sistem sirkulasi darah. Susu sapi juga berperan penting pada aktivitas anti-hipertensi, antivirus, antibakteri, antioksidatif, dan untuk kesehatan tulang (Cashman 2006). Meskipun susu sapi memiliki banyak fungsi bagi kesehatan, namun komposisi asam lemak susu yang terkandung di dalamnya sering pula menjadi perhatian karena susu sapi memiliki proporsi

Superovulation plays an important role in embryo transfer program. A preliminary study carried out in the Research Institute for Animal Production evaluated superovulatory responses in Murrah buffalo cows using pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) hormone. The three buffalo cows were estrus synchronized using 5 ml prostaglandin (PGF) twice, with an interval of 11 days. PMSG was injected intra-muscularly 3000 IU on day-10 after estrus. Prostaglandins were administered 48 hours after PMSG injection. Fixed-Time artificial insemination (FTAI) was carried out at 72 hours after the last PGF treatment. Administration of hCG 2 ml/head was given at the time of FTAI. A non-surgery flushing was performed on day 6 after FTAI. Parameters observed using ultrasonography (USG) were diameter of follicle (DFL), total follicle (TFL), and number embryos (NE). Data were analyzed descriptively. The mean of DFL before PMSG treatment was 8.2 mm and after PMSG treatment was 12.5 mm. The mean of TFL before PMSG treatment was 7.7 and after PMSG treatment was 16.1. The NE obtained was one degenerative embryo. Superovulation using PMSG increased TCL and DFL. It can be concluded that the Murrah buffalo cows superovulated by PMSG showed a good response but no transferable embryo was found.