No abstract

Bivalent or polyvalent cooperative binding between ligand and receptor is much tighter and more efficient than monovalent binding of the same counterparts. Because of this, many biological processes involve polyvalent binding for realization of regulatory mechanisms. For this reason it is necessary to develop a general formalism for prediction of the relationship between the binding affinities of each ligand subunits, the length of the flexible linker between them and avidity of the interaction. Here, we consider an approach that is based on the description of the state of equilibrium for the reaction of mono- and multivalent ligand-receptor binding of algebraic equation systems. This approach allows the evaluation of the avidity of bivalent binding and to determine the concentrations of ligand-receptor complexes, which will be obtained at the equilibrium state. The analysis presented here may be useful in analysing the binding behaviour of a bivalent receptor and a ligand consisting of two subunits covalently connected with a rigid or flexible linker.

No abstract

No abstract

Selection of a suitable assay to measure the activity of drug agents based on release-active forms of anti-interferon-gamma antibodies (RA forms of Abs) is an important step forward in the investigation of such agents. In this study, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to examine the effect of RA forms of Abs specific for human interferon gamma on the interaction between monoclonal anti-interferon gamma antibodies and recombinant human interferon gamma. The experimental data and the results obtained by using relevant mathematical analysis showed that such RA forms of Abs are able to modulate the monoclonal antibody interaction with both soluble and immobilized (to the assay plate well) interferon gamma. These data demonstrated the importance of using relatively low concentrations of both soluble and plate-immobilized interferon gamma to detect the effects of RA forms of Abs to interferon gamma on the binding of monoclonal antibodies to interferon gamma. It has been suggested that the observed influence of RA forms of Abs on ‘antibody-antigen’ interaction could be used to detect and analyze the activity of drugs containing RA forms of Abs.