Investment in SARS-CoV-2 sequencing in Africa over the past year has led to a major increase in the number of sequences generated, now exceeding 100,000 genomes, used to track the pandemic on the continent. Our results show an increase in the number of African countries able to sequence domestically, and highlight that local sequencing enables faster turnaround time and more regular routine surveillance. Despite limitations of low testing proportions, findings from this genomic surveillance study underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic and shed light on the distinct dispersal dynamics of Variants of Concern, particularly Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron, on the continent. Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve, while the continent faces many emerging and re-emerging infectious disease threats. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century.

Fenugreek is a commonly consumed herb due to its medicinal properties and nutritional value. Humic acid (HA) at 0, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm were applied as a seed priming, soil addition, foliar spray, seed priming + soil addition and soil addition + foliar spray. Both of HA concentrations and method of applications significantly improved plant growth and productivity. Moreover, there was a significant interaction between the two investigated factors. Plant height, plant dry weight, number of pods/plant and seed yield were generally increased by increasing HA concentrations regardless the method of applications. Soil addition had the highest significant values for all investigated traits regardless the concentration of HA. Overall, plants which treated with 400 ppm HA as soil addition + foliar spray had the highest significant number of pods/plant (257.77) and seed yield (68.09 g/plant). Whereas, HA-untreated plants had the lowest values (71.27 pod/plant and 21.33 g/plant). Overall plants treated with 400 ppm HA as a soil addition and foliar spray had the highest yield 2587 kg/fed. however, control plants which developed from priming seeds had the lowest yield 746 kg/fed. Therefore, it is recommended to treated fenugreek plant with HA as a soil addition and foliar spray three times during the growth season to increase seed yield by about 3-fold compared with untreated plants.

Rosemary (Rosmrinus officinals) is one of the most important medicinal plants was cultivated for two subsequent seasons field experiment trial (March 2018(March , 2019 designed as factorial split-plot design with three replicates. The main factor 4 biotic elicitors: control (E 1 ), phenylalanine (E 2 ), yeast (E 3 ) and (E4), E2 + F3 Whereas, the sub-main factor, four fertilizers: (F1) NPK, (F2) 1/2NPK + PGPB and humic acid + PGPB (F 3 ), and moringa dry leaves extract. + PGPB (F 4 ). Statistical analysis for collected data revealed significant promotion for growth traits leading to significant increment biomass yield, secondary metabolites production and quality. Total phenolics, total flavonoids and essential oil its terpenes contents in which solitary, E2, E3 acted positive significant impact while E4exhiboted significant positive impact over E1 whereas, F1-4 achieved significant increment in which, biofertilser f4 > f3 > f2 over NPK biofertilser, while paired E1-4 with F1-4 performed E4E4 exceeded E3F3 exceeded E3F2 that exceeded E1F1. Therefore, multi-repeating elicitation with E2, 3, 4 coupled with Biofertilizers F2, 4 could be considered as eco-friendly innovative reliable practical application for sustainable improvement and sustainable use that exceeded significantly over traditional agriculture NPK alone or 1/2 NPK-PGPB for R. officinals.

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