Objective: Assessment of a possible relationship between perception of satiety and diet-induced thermogenesis, with different macronutrient compositions, in a controlled situation over 24 h. Design: Two diets with different macronutrient compositions were offered to all subjects in randomized order. Setting: The study was executed in the respiration chambers at the department of Human Biology, Maastricht University. Subjects: Subjects were eight females, ages 23 ± 33 y, BMI 23 AE3 kgam 2 , recruited from University staff and students.Interventions: Subjects were fed in energy balance, with proteinacarbohydrateafat: 29a61a10 and 9a30a61 percentage of energy, with ®xed meal sizes and meal intervals, and a ®xed activity protocol, during 36 h experiments in a respiration chamber. The appetite pro®le was assessed by questionnaires during the day and during meals. Diet induced thermogenesis was determined as part of the energy expenditure. Results: Energy balance was almost complete, with non-signi®cant deviations. Diet-Induced-Thermogenesis (DIT) was 14.6 AE2.9%, on the high proteinacarbohydrate diet, and 10.5 AE3.8% on the high fat diet (P`0.01). With the high proteinahigh carbohydrate diet, satiety was higher during meals (P`0.001; P`0.05), as well as over 24 h (P`0.001), than with the high fat diet. Within one diet, 24 h DIT and satiety were correlated (r 0.6; P`0.05). The difference in DIT between the diets correlated with the differences in satiety (r 0.8; P`0.01). Conclusion: In lean women, satiety and DIT were synchronously higher with a high proteinahigh carbohydrate diet than with a high fat diet. Differences (due to the different macronutrient compositions) in DIT correlated with differences in satiety over 24 h.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of diet composition on diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) over 24 h in a respiration chamber. SUBJECTS: Eight healthy female volunteers (age 27 AE 3 y; body mass index, BMI 23 AE 3 kgam 2 ). DIETS: A high protein and carbohydrate (HPaC) (60:10:30; percentage energy (E%)carbohydrate, fat and protein, respectively) and high fat (HF) (30:60:10 respectively) diet, both isoenergetic, isovolumetric, composed of normal food items and matched for organoleptic properties (taste, smell, appearance). DESIGN: Subjects spent two 36 h periods each in a respiration chamber consuming both test diets in random order. Components of 24 h energy expenditure (24 h EE): sleeping metabolic rate, DIT and activity induced energy expenditure were measured. RESULTS: DIT was higher in all subjects while on the HPaC diet (1295 kJad vs 931 kJad; 14.6% vs 10.5% of energy intake; P`0.02). There was no signi®cant difference in other components or total 24 h EE, although there was a trend towards higher EE on the HPaC diet. CONCLUSION: A high protein and carbohydrate diet induces a greater thermic response in healthy individuals when compared to a high fat diet.

Background: Misperception of growth status by parents of young children may be one barrier to effective promotion of healthy growth in primary care practice. Objective: To determine what proportion of parents of young children appropriately identify their child's growth status. Methods: A cross-sectional study of healthy children ages 1 to 5 years was conducted through the TARGet Kids! practice-based research network. Parental perception of their child's growth status was elicited from an item on the nutritional screening tool for preschoolers (NutriSTEPÔ). The children were then measured for height and weight, and a BMI z-score was calculated according to the WHO growth curves. Results: Data were available for a total of 3223 TARGet Kids! participants, recruited between July 2008 and August 2011. Overall, 12.2% of children were underweight, 67.2% of children were normal weight, 15.8% were overweight and 4.8% were obese. 94% and 79% of parents whose children were overweight and obese, respectively, described their children as "about the right weight". 2% and 1% of parents of overweight and obese children, respectively, responded that their children "should weigh more". 65.6% of parents of underweight children reported their child was "about the right weight". Conclusion: Most parents of young children did not recognize their child's weight status. To promote healthy growth, physicians need to effectively communicate to parents the weight status of their children. Strategies for this communication need to be developed and evaluated.