The present work aims at assessing the hazard quotient (HQ) in the groundwater samples collected around Uyo main refuse dumpsite. For calculating the HQ, 17 parameters, namely, temperature, pH, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, nitrate, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cl, total phosphate, sulfate, EC, DO and turbidity were considered. The HQ for pH (1.0 – 1.1), temperature (1.2), TDS (0.0), TSS (0.4 – 0.5), BOD (0.5 – 1.0), COD (0.1), nitrate (0.0 – 0.6), Cu (0.7 – 0.8), Ni (0.2), Pb (5 – 16), Cd (3.0 – 10), Cl (0.3 – 0.4), phosphate (1.4 – 1.9), sulfate (0.0), EC (0.1), DO (1.6 – 1.9) and turbidity (0.2). The HQ of temperature, pH, DO, phosphate, Pb, and Cd in water samples were all greater than unity and thus posed a potential health risk for human oral consumption. The present study revealed that groundwater around Uyo village road waste dumpsite poses a health risk to groundwater resource users due to groundwater contamination by the leachate. Monitoring of this site is recommended as well as research by biomedical experts to reveal the rigorous adverse impacts that physio-chemical, and heavy metal contamination of groundwater might induce in humans, particularly among individuals in vulnerable populations. Also, the local authorities should be made aware of such health risks and provide potable water facilities either by treating the water or find alternative sources for drinking.

A field study was conducted to investigate palm oil mill effluent (POME) pollution impact on ground water quality and agricultural soils. Raw POME and two water samples were also collected from the downstream and upstream locations away from the effluent discharge point using 1 litre capacity container. This was found less than 100 m from the mill. Soil samples from the POME dumpsite as well as non-POME soil were collected. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total hardness, turbidity, sulphate, COD, BOD5, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity and percentage saturation for water samples were determined. pH, water holding capacity, total organic carbon (TOC), total organic matter (TOM), total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations: K, Na, Ca, Mg and cation exchange capacity for soil. Data obtained from the study were subjected to statistical analyses of variance (ANOVA). Significant variations exist in most of the physicochemical variables among the sampled parameters. Data for water samples were also compared with world health organization and Nigerian standard for drinking water quality. Most of these parameters indicated pollution but were below the standard limits for consumption. pH, EC, total hardness, turbidity, sulpahte, COD, BOD5, TDS, TSS, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, % saturation were all significant difference from each other. Soil pH, EC, TOC, total nitrogen, available P, TOM, Ca and exchangeable acidity were also all significant difference from each other. It is concluded that a strong move towards quality and environmental management through ecological improvement and cleaner technology approach within manufacturing industries in Nigeria is implemented.

The present investigation discusses the characteristic of leachate generated from municipal solid waste landfill and it adverse impacts on downstream water quality. Landfill leachate was collected from a hole dug 10 m away from the waste dump site and the appearance of the leachate sample looks black. Three downstream water samples were collected at 10 meters intervals each from each other and less than 100 meters from the boundary of the dumpsite. All the samples were examined for temperature, pH, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, nitrate, ammonia, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cl, total phosphate, sulfate, EC, DO and turbidity. The aim was to compare physicochemical and heavy metal properties of leachate and downstream water quality with internationally accepted protocols. The Laboratory analysis exhibited prevalence of high value of pH (8.5130.09), temperature(29.00.0), turbidity (14.00.41NTU), DO (0.1670.05 mg/l), COD (68.00.33 mg/l), BOD5 (324.03.00 mg/l), EC (446315.53s/cm), Total phosphate (62.3580.01 mg/l), Pb (0.310.00 mg/l), Cd (0.060.00 mg/l), Ni (0.3550.01 mg/l), and Cu (8.670.04 mg/l) in the leachate sample, which have exceeded their permissible limits. For downstream water samples, pH (7.760.07 to 7.5070.09), temperature (29.00.00) for the three sampling points, DO (3.6670.15 to 3.2330.12 mg/l), total phosphate (8.2250.00 to 7.9350.02 mg/l), Pb (0.4650.01 to 0.0910.00 mg/l), Cd (0.040.00 to 0.0230.00 mg/l), Ni and Cu (0.0430.06 mg/l) and (1.0620.00 mg/l) respectively, also exceeded their respective permissible limit recommended by Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality, World Health Organization in drinking water quality. From this study, there is evidence that there is an increase in risk to surface water that is reported near Uyo village road municipal solid waste dumping site. Therefore, the concerned authority should take appropriate intervention measures to protect surface water. Also, knowledge of leachate quality will be useful in planning and providing remedial measures to protect downstream water quality in the area.

This paper presents soil quality as affected by dumped municipal solid waste. Landfill leachate was collected from a hole dug 10 m away from the waste dump site for laboratory analysis. Soil samples were also collected from four trial pits in the dumpsites at the depth of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 m and at a distance of 10, 20, 30 m and the control 100 m away from the dumping site. The collected soil samples were subjected to physiochemical and geotechnical analysis. This includes particle size distribution, pH, EC, total organic carbon, total organic matter, extractable micronutrients and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cl and Ni), Attterberg limits, specific gravity and hydraulic conductivity. The physicochemical concentration was then compared with the maximum allowable concentrations of chemical constituents in uncontaminated soil. The Laboratory analysis shows high value of pH (8.51) DO (0.17 mg/l), COD (68mg/l), BOD5 (324 mg/l), Pb (0.31 mg/l) and Cd (0.06 mg/l) in the leachate sample. The physical properties of the soil near the dumpsite indicated that the soil belongs to sandy loam in texture. pH (6.3-8.32), Electrical conductivity (241-2018 s/cm), total organic carbon (0.24-2.16 ) and total organic matter (0.41-3.73%) were higher near the vicinity of the dumpsite and decreased with increase in the depth and distance. Extractable micro nutrient and heavy metal concentration (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cl and Ni) were also found to be high near the dumpsite and decreased along the soil depth and distance from the dumping site. The variance in the geotechnical properties of soil revealed by the test results was impacted by the dumped municipal solid waste. These effects decrease with increase in depth. These findings will help in facilitating the invention and introduction of site specific technologies.

This paper presents potential impact on health of emission from landfill site on Uyo village road, Uyo local government area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Three sampling points were assessed for particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulphide H2S, ammonia (NH3), total volatile organic carbon (TVOC) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) using highly sensitive digital portable meters. The data obtained were expressed in terms of an air quality index. Air quality index indicates that the ambient air can be described as unhealthy for sensitive groups for NO2, unhealthy for SO2 and PM2.5 and moderate for CO, respectively. H2S, NH3, TVOC, HCN, PM10 were not indicated in USEPA air quality standards. It recommended that stringent and proper landfill emissions management together with appropriate burning of wastes should be considered in the study area to ease the risks associated with these pollutants on public health.