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Aim:To evaluate the sealing ability of ProRooT MTA, RetroMTA, and Biodentine as furcation repair materials using dye extraction leakage method.Materials and Methods:Thirty-five mandibular molars were randomly divided into four groups according to the material used for perforation repair. Group I — ProRoot MTA (10 samples), Group II — RetroMTA (10 samples), Group III — Biodentine (10 samples), and Group IV (Control) — left unrepaired (5 samples). All samples were subjected to orthograde and retrograde Methylene blue dye challenge followed by dye extraction with concentration 65% nitric acid. Samples were then analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer using 550 nm wave lengths.Statistical Analysis:One-way analysis of variance, Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test.Results:Biodentine showed least dye absorbance while RetroMTA showed highest dye absorbance values when compared with other repair materials.Conclusion:Within the limitations of this study, it was observed that Biodentine showed better sealing ability when compared with other root repair materials.

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Background:Removal of smear layer from the root canal walls is important for long-standing endodontic success.Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare smear layer removing ability among 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Q-MIX, and phytic acid by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Materials and Methods:This in-vitro experimental study assessed smear layer removal using three different irrigants. Thirty single-rooted freshly extracted human permanent premolars were collected, disinfected, and decoronated to a standardized root length of 13 mm. Root canals were cleaned and shaped till F2 universal rotary protaper at working length 1 mm short of the apex. They were randomly divided into three groups, and final irrigation was done accordingly. Group 1 (n = 10): with 1 ml of 17% EDTA, Group 2 (n = 10): with 1 ml of Q-MIX, Group 3 (n = 10): with 1 ml of phytic acid. Samples were then longitudinally sectioned and evaluated under SEM at coronal, middle, and apical levels.Statistical Analysis:Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were performed. The level of significance was set at 0.05.Results:Smear layer removing ability among irrigants and sections in descending order: 17 EDTA > Q-MIX > phytic acid; coronal > middle > apical.Conclusion:17% EDTA showed better and promising results followed by Q-MIX and then phytic acid.

A theoretical study of the electronic properties, namely, electrical conductivity (EC), electronic thermal conductivity (ETC) and thermoelectric power (TEP) in 2D MoS monolayers (MLs), over a wide range of temperatures (10 < T < 300 K), is presented employing Boltzmann transport formalism. Considering the electrons to be scattered by screened charged impurities and the acoustic, optical and remote phonons, the transport equation is solved using Ritz iterative method. Numerical calculations of EC, ETC and TEP presented for supported and free-standing MLs with high electron concentrations, as a function of temperature, bring out the relative importance of the various scattering mechanisms operative. The role of CIs, with regard to both concentration and separation from the substrate-ML interface, in determining the properties of supported MLs is demonstrated for the first time. Validity of Wiedemann-Franz law and Mott formula are examined for supported and free standing MLs. Calculations are in consonance with recent experimental data on mobility and TEP of exfoliated SiO-supported MoS ML samples. In the case of TEP it is found that though the diffusion contribution is dominant the inclusion of the drag component, incorporating contributions from all relevant phonon scattering mechanisms, is needed to obtain good agreement with the data.