According to the results of bird counts carried out in 138 habitats over 12 years, a hierarchical classification and a structural graph of the similarity of ornithocomplexes in the plain southwestern part of Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan have been compiled in the period from 1982 till 2002. The hierarchical classification contains six types of bird populations. The similarity graph is built at the level of types and is represented by three rows (trends). One row consists of bird complexes of residential and recreational areas; the second, of wetlands; and the third, of forest, forest-field, and steppe habitats. The classification taxa characteristics contain information on the three most numerous bird species (leaders in abundance), their share in the community, population density, and the background species wealth. Based on the assessment of the similarity coincidence degree for the of bird communities and environmental factors, a hierarchy of the impact of the main anthropogenic and natural factors, determining the bird population formation, has been established.

Aerated concrete structures are widely used in construction as load-bearing or filler structures. The article describes the probabilistic approach to estimation of anchor (dowel) pull-out capacity. The article also presents the experimental studies of control samples from aerated concrete and diagrams “stress – strain”. The maximum permissible load values are obtained for the given batch of aerated concrete blocks based on the requirements of ensuring the specified reliability (probability of no-failure). Permissible load on the anchor (dowel) will also depend on the number of anchors in case of set of anchors as a conditional sequential mechanical system in terms of reliability theory. The design equations is given the reliability analysis of anchor (dowel) on pull-out force with limited statistical data and small number of control samples for using probabilistic and statistical approaches.