Chitosan is a natural polycationic copolymer consisting of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine units. The polymer has valuable properties as a biomaterial because it is

Free radicals induce numerous diseases by lipid peroxidation, protein peroxidation, and DNA damage. It has been reported that numerous plant extracts have antioxidant activities to scavenge free radicals. In the present study, we examines the in vitro radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity of Crude extract of Carthamus tinctorius by using different in vitro analytical methodologies such as total antioxidant activity determination by ferric thiocyanate, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging by riboflavin-methionine-illuminate system. Also, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and α-tocopherol were used as the reference antioxidant radical scavenger compounds.Extract inhibited 94.50% lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at 20 μg/mL concentration. On the other hand, the above mentioned standard antioxidants indicated an inhibition of 93.75%, 96.66% and 83.33% on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at 60 μg/mL concentration, respectively. In addition, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, DPPH scavenging, ABTS + radical scavenging and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Also, those various antioxidant activities were compared to BHA, BHT and α-tocopherol as references antioxidant compounds. The present study shows that Extract is the effective natural antioxidant component.Keywords: Antioxidant activity; scavenging activity, free radical, Carthamus tinctorius. www.antiox.orgThe free radical neutralizing property of several plants was reported by previous studies. The extracts from number of medicinal plants which are known to have some biologically active principles are used in ayurvedic preparations and these extracts are prepared in bulk for commercial purpose. In this present study we have measured antioxidant activity of Carthamus tinctorius extracts by using different in vitro analytical methodologies such as total antioxidant activity determination by ferric thiocyanate, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging, 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging by riboflavin-methionine-illuminate system. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plant MaterialAerial part of Carthamus tinctorius collected in the month of April from the Hingoli district of Maharashtra India. Identification and authentication of the samples was done by using standard botanical monographs. They were further confirmed by Dr. Miss. A. Chaturvedi, Post Graduate Teaching Department of Botany, Rashtra Santa Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur (Voucher specimen no. 9715). Preparation of crude extractThe plant materials were cleaned, shade dried and coarsely ground. The powdered material was soaked in 70 % aqueous-methanol for 3 days with occasional shaking. It was filtered through a muslin cloth and ...

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The aim of this investigation was to develop gastroretentive mucoadhesive tablets of cephalexin, which will retain in the stomach for 10 h. Cephalexin, a first-generation cephalosporin, becomes ionized in intestinal pH because pKa is 4.5 and thus reducing its bioavailability. The various batches were prepared by wet granulation method using variety of mucoadhesive polymers such as hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose K4M, hydroxyl propyl cellulose, chitosan, carbopol 934P and sodium carboxymethylcellulose and subjected to various evaluation parameters such as mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release profile, swelling characteristics and physical properties. It was evident from the study that the formulation containing HPMC K4M and carbopol 934P in combination exhibited maximum mucoadhesive strength of 144.42 gms, in vitro residence time was 8.73 h and in vitro drug release was found to be 75.03% in 10 h with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. So, the optimized formulation F(2) was further subjected to in vivo retention time in rabbit by X-ray technique, SEM and Accelerated stability studies. Regarding all the properties evaluated, the formulation containing HPMC K4M and carbopol 934P in combination was found to be the best to achieve the aim of this study.