This paper compares consumer and provider perceptions regarding access to pharmacy services in rural Illinois, given a decrease in the number of pharmacies. Consumer data are from the Illinois Rural Life Panel in which more than 1,800 respondents answered questions about availability and use of pharmacy services and about insurance coverage and cost. A survey of all licensed retail pharmacies in 74 rural Illinois counties and in seven non-rural counties provided pharmacy background information and was the source of data on changes in profitability and payment sources. The data provided insight on factors that affect access. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data from both groups to compare perceptions about access. The objective was to evaluate current access to pharmacy services and implications for future access from the perspective of consumers and pharmacists. Results from rural consumers show access is currently good; 77 percent have a local pharmacy, and 64 percent prefer this source. Future access is of more concern. Pharmacy survey results show 81.5 percent of rural pharmacies are experiencing declining profits from drug sales. Restricted reimbursements from third-party payers, demands of managed care and expanded competition are seen as threats to retention of local pharmacies and continued good access. An important finding, especially given survey evidence of increased managed care penetration, is the difference in views of pharmacists and consumers regarding the effects of managed care on access. Pharmacy survey data also revealed differences between rural and non-rural pharmacies.

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More than 40% of the respondents selected train-thetrainer resources, guest speakers, and online courses as being helpful. However, <30% felt that seminars were useful. These survey results validate the general assumption that nursing programs provide limited content in disaster preparedness. The mean values of the number of hours of disaster preparedness content did not change significantly over the three academic years, only approximately four hours (ranged from 3.9 in 2000-2001 to 4.2 in 2002-2003). The study also indicated that 75% of the respondents felt that nursing faculty were prepared inadequately in the area of disaster nursing. This study demonstrated the lack of emergency preparedness curriculum content in US nursing programs and established a baseline for future curriculum growth. In addition, there are implications for future faculty development in emergency preparedness. The study should be replicated in other countries for comparison.

s-14th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine s75 distributed to NGOs to explore the type and availability of current data and information regarding adult malnutrition. The appropriate adult anthropometric and contextual data, which were available, were collated for the relevant NGOs and were entered into a centralized database. A targeted, literature search and a focus group with an N G O were conducted to explore appropriate contextual factors. A data collection tool was developed to standardize and improve the recording of details in the context of a feeding program during a complex emergency. Results Literature search-Limited evidence was identified outside of complex emergencies regarding the usefulness of hair pluckability using a "trichotillometer" to assess nutritional status in adults. A study was carried out in Aberdeen to test the reliability of this method and to investigate whether this method shows ethnic variance. Adult data-Data were collated from feeding programs treating adults from countries in Africa and the Middle East from 1997-2003 included in a centralized database. Data from children's malnutrition programs were found to have been the priority for N G O data collection. Taking into account the lack of individual adult nutritional data and the few variables common across NGOs, a populationbased approach was adopted for data analysis. There were very few context factors from the N G O reports that could be compared across different feeding programs. Therefore, the development of a context data collection tool was advanced. Conclusion: The partnership approach enabled this project to contribute to the recent increasing focus on adult malnutrition during complex emergencies, by advancing the methods for assessing adult malnutrition in complex emergencies. The process of creating a cross-NGO, centralized database for this project can be used to explore other issues in this field. Using this tool to explore different contexts also will enhance the ability to assess nutritional status in relation to contexts of children's food programs.

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