The development of wet cohesive soils at negative temperatures leads to soil freezing to the working bodies of earth-moving machines, which leads to a decrease in the useful volume of buckets and, consequently, to a decrease in the productivity of the machine. This article discusses the thermal effect on the simulator of the working body of an earth-moving machine. As a heat source, a tape heating element was used, namely, a carbon heating flexible tape. The technical characteristics of this heating tape and its technical device are presented. The results of experimental studies of the heating of the ladle simulator are presented and the temperature-time characteristics of the heating tape are constructed. The one-factor regression equations for the heating temperature of the bucket simulator at different ambient temperatures are presented. Research has been carried out on the effect of heating the bucket simulator by the heating tape belt on the soil shear force.

When the moist soil is excavated, the soil sticking and freezing to the working units of the earth-moving machines take place. It is the phenomenon that considerably reduces the plant`s efficiency. There are four main groups of methods intended for eliminating adhesion of soil to the surface of the working bodies of earth-moving machines. As for the nature and the operating effects of the methods, they can be divided into the preventive methods and the means ones for cleaning the working units of the earth-moving machines. On the special shear stand, the multifactorial test has been conducted using mathematical theory of experiment to determine the practical effect of antiicing liquid usage as a preventive method when the intermediate layer is used in the contact point "soil-to-working units" to reduce adhesion to metal surfaces soil machines. Mathematical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the MODEL program for multifactor dependencies using the least squares method. As a result of the processing of experimental data, regression equations were obtained without the action of the lubricant and with the use of anti-icing fluids "MAXFLIGHT 04" and "OCTAFLO EG". Multifactorial dependences of shear stress are obtained. To interpret the results obtained, quasi-onefactor dependences are given for fixed values of two factors among three, the response surfaces for quasi-one-factor dependencies for anti-icing fluids of the brands MAXFLIGTH 04 and OCTAFLO EG are constructed. Analysis of these dependencies in the investigated range of factor changes shows that the use of anti-icing fluids of the brands MAXFLIGTH 04 and OCTAFLO EG reduces the shear stress to 60%.

The main cause of the efficiency decrease in productivity of earthmoving machines is the adhesion and friction increase during the development of wet bonded soils under freezing point. This problem exists both in Russia and abroad. When developing frozen clay and wet soils operational winter, the bucket filling and the excavator speed is much lower in winter than in summer. Wet soil, contacting with cooled walls of the bucket, quickly freezes to them, reducing the useful capacity of the bucket and makes unloading difficult. The analysis of self-regulating heating elements has been reviewed. Three TM-40, TM-60 and SRL 30-2 heating elements are considered as possible options to use directly on the excavator bucket to loosen adhesive bonds by heating the working surface of the plant. The results of experimental research are presented, one-factor equations of plate heating temperature regression for each of the heating elements are presented, temperature-time characteristics of three heating elements are constructed, comparative analysis of three TM-40, TM-60 and SRL 30-2 heating elements is made.

This article discusses the impact of repair-recovery compositions on the process of buildup of the soil working bodies of earthmoving machines. Adhesive forces can be reduced by creating an intermediate layer at the interface between the phases of the system “surface of the working member - the medium to be treated. This layer serves as a screen for intermolecular interaction forces of phases, has a small adhesion and cohesive interaction and has a “lubricating” effect, i.e. provides the possibility of relative displacement of phase working surfaces. Experimental work is conducted in accordance with the mathematical theory of planning of experiments (plan Box 3). After handling of an experiment graphical dependences of effort of shift from a surface without repair and recovery structures and with use of repair and recovery structures were received. The experiments carried out showed that when the RVS is applied, the adhesion of the soil to the metal surface of the digger’s working member is reduced by an average of 18%.

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