No abstract

According certain studies, smoking could be associated with an increase of health risk link to heavy metals and these risks would be more important in developed countries. So, this study attempted to verify these informations throuth the comparison of the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) nickel (Ni) and arsenic (As) in some cigarettes sold in Benin and France. Composite samples of cigarette brands purchased in Benin (developing country) and France have been taken in the same periods from the two countries. Samples were analyzed for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and arsenic (As) by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The amounts (average ± SD) have been compared by the statistical Student p test (T>t) = 0.05. The results showed that all the cigarettes tobacco is differently contaminated with Cd, Pb, Ni and As. The amounts reveal that for all metals the regulatory limits are over passed but the level of contamination varies from one brand to another one. However, it could not be obvious to conclude that the cigarettes in developed countries are more concentrated in heavy metals than those of developing countries. This affirmation has been discussed. Indeed, it appeared that the level of lead and arsenic obtained in some cigarette brands purchased in Benin were significantly higher than (p<0.05) those sold in France. Otherwise, all the France cigarette brands contain about two or three times more cadmium that Beninese cigarettes. However, excepted these particularities, there was no significant differences (p<0.05) between heavy metals contents in cigarette brands sold in Benin and France. Overall, findings from this study suggest that, Beninese cigarettes did not differ in heavy metals contents from cigarettes sold in France markets. The high levels of toxic metals recorded in some cigarette tobacco from each country are probably the result of soil conditions where tobacco is grown. But, the presence of high levels of heavy metals may constitute a global health concern. The adoption of reasonable behavior are needed to preserve the public health.

Improving the care of women who have undergone a spontaneous or induced abortion is an important step in reducing abortion-related morbidity and mortality. Both the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and the World Health Organization recommend the use of manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and misoprostol rather than sharp curettage to treat incomplete abortion. MVA was introduced into the public healthcare service in Benin in 2006 and since 2008 misoprostol has been available in 3 large maternity hospitals. The present study opted to use an oral dose of 800 μg and not to limit to pregnancies of up to 12 weeks, but to include women with second trimester abortions. After 5 years, results show that around three-quarters of the women treated with misoprostol at 13-18 weeks of pregnancy required MVA to complete uterine evacuation and approximately one-quarter had severe bleeding, confirming that the indication of misoprostol for incomplete abortion should be limited to pregnancies of up to 12 weeks.

Objectif : L'infertilité est une préoccupation du couple et de la famille en milieu africain. Le but de cette étude est d'améliorer la prise en charge des femmes présentant une infertilité secondaire au Bénin. Méthodologie et résultats : Il s'est agi d'une étude descriptive de type transversal. Elle a porté sur 110 femmes béninoises venues au Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire et au Centre Autonome de Radiologie pour la réalisation des examens d'hystérosalpingographie et/ou d'échographie pelvienne, dans le cadre de l'exploration d'une infertilité secondaire. La collecte des données a nécessité des fiches d'enquête qui ont permis de recueillir les renseignements concernant les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et épidémiologiques de ces femmes d'une part, et les résultats des différentes explorations effectuées d'autre part. L'âge moyen des femmes est de 33,7 ± 5,6 ans. Les primigestes et secondigestes (58,2%), ainsi que les nullipares et primipares (76,4%) sont les plus représentées. A l'hystérosalpingographie, les lésions utérines les plus décelées sont les myomes utérins dans 71,4 % des cas suivis des synéchies dans 22,8%, tandis que les lésions tubaires les plus représentées sont les obstructions tubaires bilatérales avec un pourcentage de 45,9%. A l'échographie pelvienne, les myomes sont les plus représentés avec un pourcentage de 94,6%, et une prédominance des myomes interstitiels dans 54,1% des cas. Avec un pourcentage de 63,3%, les dystrophies ovariennes micropolykystiques sont les lésions ovariennes les plus décelées. Conclusion et application : Si l'hystérosalpingographie et l'échographie pelvienne permettent toutes de poser le diagnostic du myome utérin, l'échographie pelvienne en précise le siège par rapport aux tuniques de l'utérus, ainsi que les mesures. Par ailleurs, lors de l'exploration de l'infertilité secondaire, l'HSG permet de déceler les lésions tubaires tandis que l'échographie pelvienne dépiste les lésions ovariennes. Il en ressort donc que ces deux explorations apportent de façon complémentaire, le diagnostic des lésions étiologiques dans la prise en charge de l'infertilité secondaire féminine.

Introduction: Maternal mortality is still very high in Benin. Being one of the methods of reducing this mortality, contraception is still very rarely used in Benin, particularly in Borgou district. The objective of this work was to evaluate the experience of using Jadelle contraceptive implants by women in the city of Parakou in the Borgou department. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, with retrospective and prospective data collection over the period from March 1 to July 31, 2016. Results: A total of 320 women were involved in the study. The mean age was 28.29 years, with extremes of 16 and 44 years. Socio-professionally, housewives predominated (56.88%). Sixty-eight point forty-four percent of women were educated and only 111 (34.69%) women had reached secondary school; married women were mostly represented. Obstetrically, multi-gestures were the most affected (43.75%). Birth spacing was the main reason for choosing Jadelle (48.13%). Majority of patients had their husbands consent to use Jadelle contraceptive method (85.31%). Sixty-eight point fifty-two percent of women had used this contraceptive method for 2 to 4 years. Jadelle had been chosen by the majority (78.75%) of the women, for its long duration of action and its easy use. The dropout rate for Jadelle was 35/320 (10.94%) after 3 years of use. The failure rate for this method was 0.31% (1/320). The satisfaction rate was 87.5%. Conclusion: Jadelle contraceptive implants are an important part of contraceptive methods in Parakou.