Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a malignant tumor affecting the bones while atypical cartilaginous tumors (ACTs) are chondral tumors with moderate cellularity, mild atypia, and with myxoid changes and mild metastatic ability. Both can have one of the worst prognoses if not identified early enough. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been one of the modalities to detect such tumors and we aim to determine the common characteristic and features to be seen while screening for CS or ACTs. We conducted a systematic review of the previously published reports that investigated the diagnostic ability of MRI and the reported characteristics that can differentiate between ACTs and high-grade chondrosarcomas (HGCS). A comprehensive relevant database search was performed to include all the relevant studies. Among these studies, seven studies investigated the overall accuracy in the classification of the different chondroma types. Additionally, many studies reported the characteristic findings of each tumor according to the MRI results. These characteristics mainly included trapped fat, bone marrow edema, cortical damage, and soft-tissue expansion. Therefore, further attention should be given to these criteria for better assessment, differentiation, and favorable outcomes. MRI can efficiently identify some of the characteristics of both ACTs and HGCS. However, combining it with other radiological modalities may lead to a better differentiation. The detection of ACTs and HGCS lesions with MRI solely has been doubted before in the literature.

(pZ0.041 for all 3 groups, and pZ0.046 for 3D CRT vs IMRT alone). The 5 year OS was 22.1% [95% CI 19.2-25.1] for 3D-CRT vs 18.1% [95% CI 15.4-20.9] for IMRT (pZ0.046). Prognostic factors for survival on multivariable analysis included male sex [HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18-1.42, p <0.001], income quintile [HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.99, p Z 0.004], age [HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06, p Z 0.04], and radiation type [IMRT HRZ1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.24; VMAT HRZ0.91, 95% CI 0.76-1.09, pZ0.012]. Conclusion: There is increased uptake of more conformal techniques over time amongst stage III NSCLC patients. Although a statistically significant difference in OS was observed, this was likely driven by unmeasured patient selection effects. Absolute differences were modest and did not meet clinical significance.

2 Z 0.4673, p Z 0.0006; R 2 Z 0.4969, p Z 0.0004) and 2 nd (R 2 Z 0.2508, p Z 0.0208; R 2 Z 0.2597, p Z 0.0183) follow up scans. Lung SUV median was positively correlated with subjective radiologic lung fibrosis scores on 1 st (R 2 Z 0.2458, p Z 0.0223) and 2 nd (R 2 Z 0.3741, p Z 0.0032) follow up scans. On multi-variate analysis, Lung SUV median and Lung TLG were positively correlated with quantitative radiologic fibrosis on the 1 st (p Z 0.0512; p Z 0.0073) but not the 2 nd follow-up scan. Conclusion: Pre-treatment FDG-PET uptake in non-target lung tissue is positively correlated with radiologic lung fibrosis after lung-SABR, suggesting that baseline lung metabolic activity could serve as a predictive biomarker of SABR-induced lung injury. These data support validation of these findings in a larger prospective cohort and raise the hypothesis that therapeutic modulation of pre-treatment lung inflammation prior to SABR could reduce radiation induced lung toxicities.