Objective To assess the tolerability and eBcacy of propicontrast to groups 2 and 3, only patients in group 1 showed increasing tolerability during the treatment verine and oxybutynin in patients with urgency and urge incontinence in a randomized, double-blind pla-(from V1 to V4). These tolerability results were further supported by the overall tolerability assessment ('very cebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients and methods In all, 366 patients (149 on propivgood' or 'good' tolerability in 67% of group 1, in 59% of group 2 and in 83% of group 3). The urodynamic erine, 145 oxybutynin and 72 placebo, ratio 25251) with urgency and urge incontinence were recruited in assessment of eBcacy (comparing V0 and V4) showed a statistically significant increase in the mean (sd) 32 study centres. Propiverine (group 1, 15 mg three times daily), oxybutynin (group 2, 5 mg twice daily) or maximal cystometric bladder capacity in group 1, being 222 (77) mL at V0 and 311 (125) mL at V4, an placebo (group 3) were administered for 4 weeks, using the double-dummy technique. The dosages were selecincrease of 89 (108) mL, and in group 2, at 226 (75) mL and 322 (123) mL, an increase of 96 ted specifically to compare the tolerability profile of propiverine with the commonly used therapeutic dosage (106) mL, compared with group 3, at 211 (77) mL and 263 (93) mL, an increase of only 52 (92) mL. The of oxybutynin. Tolerability was assessed by directly questioning the patients about adverse events at four cystometric bladder capacity at first desire to void also increased in group 1 (93 to 160 mL) and group 2 (89 visits (V-1 before and V0 after a 1-week 'washout' period, V1 after 1 week and V4 after 4 weeks of to 160 mL), whereas in group 3 there were only minor changes (93 to 120 mL). Changes in the residual urine treatment) during a 5-week surveillance period, and by tolerability ratings of the physicians. EBcacy was volume within and between the treatment groups were minimal and clinically irrelevant. The overall assessassessed using urodynamics at V0 and V4, evaluating the cystometric bladder capacity at maximal and first ment of eBcacy showed significant diCerences between the drugs when compared with placebo. desire to void, and postvoid residual urine, according to the criteria of the International Continence Society.Conclusion Propiverine is a safe and eCective drug in the treatment of urgency and urge incontinence; it is Additionally, a voiding protocol, overall assessment of clinical symptomatology and eBcacy ratings by the as eCective as oxybutynin, but the incidence of dry mouth and its severity is less with propiverine than physicians were documented. Results A remarkably high percentage of adverse events with oxybutynin. The availability of alternative pharmacotherapeutics such as propiverine should reduce was reported in the washout period (VO: 13%, 16% and 18% in groups 1-3, respectively). At V4, the the therapeutic failure rate and improves the success rate in the treatment of patients suCering from urgency clinically most r...

There was an overall preference for the MELT, and a statistically significant preference for desmopressin MELT in children aged 5-11 years. Desmopressin MELT had similar levels of efficacy and safety at lower dosing levels than the tablet, and therefore facilitates early initiation of PNE treatment in children aged 5-6 years.

Antegrade ejaculation was preserved with the use of epTURP with excellent outcome. Observed symptomatic and functional outcomes were comparable with conventional TURP. The results from this study underline the necessity of reviewing the old concept of ejaculation physiology.

O-IFLA and E-IFLA are efficient with respect to oncologic safety. E-IFLA is technically more challenging. E-IFLA can avoid secondary wound healing and lymphatic complications. E-IFLA is a safe procedure while a reduction of CO2 pressures optimizes the safety profile. Because cancer control rates remained equivalent during an extended follow-up, oncologic durability could be confirmed.

adverse events, adverse drug reactions caused by antimuscarinics and premature treatment termination. RESULTSAt 16 study centres, 621 children aged 5-14 years with UI due to overactive bladder were enrolled. After anticholinergic treatment (437 propiverine, 184 oxybutynin) continence was achieved in 61.6% and 58.7% of the patients after 186 and 259 days, respectively. There were clinically relevant improvements in voiding frequency across treatment groups. Daily doses of propiverine were markedly below the recommendations (0.54 vs 0.8 mg/kg body weight), daily doses of oxybutynin were according to the recommendations (0.31 vs 0.2-0.4 mg/kg body weight) at treatment initiation. There was a significantly more favourable tolerability to propiverine than oxybutynin for the overall rate of adverse events (3.9% vs 16.3%, odds ratio 4.813), adverse drug reactions caused by propiverine or oxybutynin (2.8% vs 9.2%) and premature treatment termination due to adverse drug reactions (1.6% vs 4.4%). CONCLUSIONPropiverine and oxybutynin are effective in children with UI due to overactive bladder. Sufficient treatment periods of at least 2, preferably 3-4, months are the crucial factors for a successful treatment. The tolerability profile of propiverine is better than for oxybutynin. KEYWORDSanticholinergics, children, overactive bladder, oxybutynin, propiverine, urinary incontinence Study Type -Therapy (observational cohort) Level of Evidence 2b