Several techniques are implemented to reduce the temperature rise in multistage compressors, which leads to the noticeable improvement in specific power output of a gas turbine. The objective of the present investigation intends to understand the effect of incidence angles on the aerodynamic performance of the compressor cascade under wet compression. Using large eddy simulations (LES) the effects of wet compression on compressor flow separation and wake formation are investigated. Experimental investigation was performed to validate the numerical results. The study reveals notable flow modifications in the separated flow region under the influence of wet compression and the total loss coefficient reduces significantly at the downstream side of the compressor for positive incidence angles. On the other hand, for negative incidence angles the wet compression enhances the total pressure losses inside the blade passage. Also, in the present investigation, particular emphasis has been given to understand the water film formation at negative and positive incidence angles.

Cancer cells respond to matrix mechanical stiffness in a complex manner using a coordinated, hierarchical mechano-chemical system composed of adhesion receptors and associated signal transduction membrane proteins, the cytoskeletal architecture, and molecular motors 1, 2. Mechanosensitivity of different cancer cells in vitro are investigated primarily with immortalized cell lines or murine derived primary cells, not with primary human cancer cells. Hence, little is known about the mechanosensitivity of primary human colon cancer cells in vitro. Here, an optimized protocol is developed that describes the isolation of primary human colon cells from healthy and cancerous surgical human tissue samples. Isolated colon cells are then successfully cultured on soft (2 kPa stiffness) and stiff (10 kPa stiffness) polyacrylamide hydrogels and rigid polystyrene (~3.6 GPa stiffness) substrates functionalized by an extracellular matrix (fibronectin in this case). Fluorescent microbeads are embedded in soft gels near the cell culture surface, and traction assay is performed to assess cellular contractile stresses using free open access software. In addition, immunofluorescence microscopy on different stiffness substrates provides useful information about primary cell morphology, cytoskeleton organization and vinculin containing focal adhesions as a function of substrate rigidity. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at http://www.jove.com/video/52532/ 14 . Also, a recent study highlights remarkable differences between immortalized and primary human cells in their cytoskeletal remodeling protein profiling and cell survival protein expression 15

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