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This paper presents an experimental study of normal mix, fly ash, quarry waste and low strength concrete (brick-bat lime concrete) contribution to the ultimate moment capacity of square steel hollow sections. Fifteen simply supported beam specimens of 1200-mm long steel hollow sections filled with normal mix, fly ash, quarry waste and lowstrength concrete and identical dimensions of hollow sections were experimented. Extensive measurements of such material properties, strain and deflection were carried out. Theoretical studies of ultimate moment capacity of a beam specimen were also calculated in this study for comparison's sake. These experimental investigation results showed that normal mix, fly ash, quarry waste and low-strength concrete enhance the moment carrying capacity of steel hollow sections. Furthermore, in these studies it can be found that normal mix, fly ash and quarry waste concrete can be used in composite construction to increase the flexural capacity of steel hollow sections.

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The effective sectional area concept was adopted to conduct the analysis of cold-formed Tension members. ANSYS software was utilized to simulate the behavior of cold formed steel angle under tension load. The paper describes the results from a finite element investigation into the load capacity tension members of single angle sections of 2mm and double angles sections of 2mm under plain (without Lipped) and with Lipped conditions subjected to tension. Comparisons were made between the test results and the predictions based on both the Experimental investigation and the ANSYS analysis. Results also comparisons were made by the International codes BIS, AISI, AS/NZS and BS.