Objectives:The objectives of the study were to investigate physician’s therapeutic practice and the compliance of diabetic patients attending rural primary health units in Alexandria.Material and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted and a multistage stratified random sample method was used for the selection of 600 diabetic patients. Data were collected by means of an interviewing questionnaire, an observation checklist, review of prescriptions and laboratory investigations. A scoring system was made for a diabetic patient’s knowledge and skills, patient’s compliance, doctor-patient relationship, and glycemic control.Results:About 57% always took their medication as prescribed by doctor and on time, only 2.2% always complied with dietary regimen while no one reported regular compliance with exercise regimen. Complications of the regimen was the commonest cause (63.3%) of noncompliance. A highly statistically significant difference was found between compliance with all regimens and patient’s knowledge of diabetes. The scores for doctor-patient relationship were all unsatisfactory. Results of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) revealed that metabolic control of four-fifth of the patients was satisfactory, 12% had fair and 8% had poor metabolic control.Conclusions:Patient’s compliance with most of the diabetes regimen was low. Doctor-patient relationship and patient’s compliance should be improved by conducting educational and training programs.

The present study aimed to utilize orange peels (OP), banana peels (BP) and potato peels (PP) in preparing functional cupcake and crackers. Seven minerals have been determined, the Na, K and Ca had higher values than Mg, Cu, Mn and Fe for all peels under study. The OP had the highest crude fiber content (12.0%), followed by BP (10.5%), whereas, PP exhibited the lowest content (5.0%). The OP had the lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content (19.13%) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content (12.6%), whereas BP possessed the highest NDF and ADF contents (47.42% and 39.55%, respectively). The NDF content of PP was 45.14% being closed to its counterpart in BP, while ADF content of PP (18.7%) was higher than ADF content of OP. Furthermore, the hemicellulose content was 6.53% in OP and 7.87% in BP, while it was 26.49% for PP. Data of sensory evaluation revealed significant improvement of cakes supplemented with different levels of OP up to 20%, whereas, cakes supplemented with BP and PP at the same levels were significantly less acceptable than the control cake. Elevating the supplementation levels of the aforementioned peels resulted in increasing the specific volume of cake and crackers as compared to their corresponding controls..

Recycling of lignocellulosic agro-industrial residues waste is the key of the environmental sustainability. So, the goal of the present study was to utilize artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L.) bracts as a potential source of bio-active compounds or as a carbon source during bio-production of ethanol and to evaluate its nutritive value for livestock feeding by using in vitro gas production technique. The chemical composition, phenolic compounds, and radicals scavenging property of extracts were determined. Silage production and acid hydrolysis on conversion of lignocellulosic artichoke was studied. Also, the acid hydrolysate of lignocellulosic components as a carbon source was investigated during bio-production of ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and simultaneous saccharification fermentation process. The obtained results revealed variation in proximate composition and mineral content among treatments of artichoke bracts used here. The blanching processing of artichoke bracts had higher total phenolic content (935.43 mg GAE /100 g DW) and 89.64% inhibition of DPPH radical with an IC 50 value of 6.23 mg/ml. The highest reducing sugar content was obtained by using sulphuric acid (3%) for 20 min at 120°C. Fermentation of the hydrolysates gave the highest ethanol yield of (10.02 g/L), which corresponds to volumetric productivity of ethanol being 1.52 g /L/h with fermentation efficiency of 97.39% and biomass of 4.64 g/L after 48 hr. The results of the present study suggest that adding sugar beet molasses to the fermentation medium enhanced production of bio-ethanol (14.01g/L). The results also showed that the nutritional value of the artichoke bracts is similar to that of good roughage as hay in terms of metabolizable energy (8.42 MJ/kg DM), net energy (3.15MJ/kg DM), short chain fatty acids (99.48 mM), microbial protein synthesis (76.49 g/kg) and organic matter digestibility (63.41 %).

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