Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential macronutrients for the growth and reproduction of plants, the main source of which is phosphate rocks (PRs). In view of the extraction process of this mineral, major environmental impacts are characterized, with the generation of solid residues that represent great economic value when using appropriate techniques for using minerals in solid residues, representing an extractive process with better efficiency and utilization of the extracted amount. There are many possible techniques applicable to a better yield in the extractive process, for example, in particular biosolubilization, which makes use of different microorganisms in the solubilization of the phosphorus element. In this review article, different microorganisms will be presented in the phosphorus solubilization, as well as the knowledge of the chemical and biological characteristics of the microorganisms in the biosolubization process