Each of stadia II‐VII and adults (stadia VIII) of Streptogonopus phipsoni (Pocock) can be distinguished by segment numbers, length, breadth and paired legs. Sexes are separate from stadium IV and sex ratios in immature stages were more or less 50% throughout the year, but high proportions of adult females are noted from June to September. High ratios of immature to adult were related to the breeding periods, from May to October, and in other months adults increased in proportion as a result of heavy mortality of immatures. Adults were aggregated in distribution from April to October while solitary individuals were common in other months of the year. Population density of S. phipsoni varied from 0.25 to 98 m‐2 on the soil surface and 1 to 11.75 m‐2 in the lower layer (0–7 cm deep). Biomass ranged from 12.25 to 2253 mg‐2 on the surface and 50.75 to 424.75 mg‐2 in the lower layer (0–7 cm deep). A positive and significant correlation was found between mean monthly population density and mean monthly rainfall. Streptogonopus phipsoni appears to complete its life cycle in one or two years

Mating behaviour of Chondromorpha severini, a polydesmid millipede was studied in the field and in the laboratory condition. Copulating pair follows the general rule of love play before actual act of coitus. Mating duration varied from one to 25 minute with an average of eight minute. Mating frequency was maximum in early and late hours of day. In the multiple mate preference experiment, 10 pairs of male and female were used to calculate preference index (Pi) of individual sex. Preference index varies from 0.65 to 0.91. The implication of multiple mating has been discussed in detail. The study confirmed that i) the species belongs to polygynandrous mating system where males are the pursuers and females are the accomplishers ii) short and long duration mating is related to mate acquisition and mate guarding respectively

Dyar’s value on the basis of length and width of nine polydesmid and 15 non-polydesmid millipede species were calculated. The value of polydesmid millipede ranged from 1.50 to 1.78 and that of non-polydesmid millipede ranged from 1.08 to 1.45. Weight progression factor was determined for nine species of millipede (two polydesmid and seven non-polydesmids). The result showed that the mean weight progression factor in polydesmid is 2.54 while that of non-polydesmid is 1.95. Both the results showed that Dyar’s value in polydesmida is significantly higher compared to that of non-polydesmida. In polydesmida, the number of stadium is only eight with higher Dyar’s value (mean 1.61) while in non-polydesmida, where number of stadium is more than eight have lower Dyar’s value (mean 1.23). As in other arthropods, Dyar’s value is inversely proportional to the number of stadium in millipede.The present study also affirmed Enders’ hypothesis in favour of adaptive importance of Dyar’s rule. Deviations from Dyar’s constant in these two group also support Crossby’s growth rule. The variation of Dyar’s value in these two groups of millipede is related to the development time and habitat utilization. The variation of weight progression factor in these two groups is also linked to the development time as observed in other arthropods.

Travassosinema bengalensis n. sp. is described from the hind gut of the spirobolid millipede, Trigoniulus corallinus (Gervais) from West Bengal, India. Females of the new species differ from the only known Indian species, T. travassosi Rao, 1958 by several characters namely tail length, length of oesophagous, size of egg, extension of umbraculum etc. It is very similar to other three species of Travassosinema, T. travassosi, T. thyropygi Hunt, 1996 and T. claudiae Morffe & Hasegawa, 2017 as all of them lack lateral alae and body contraction posterior to vulva. Except T. claudiae, it differs from all other species from millipedes by longest tail length (60% SL) and differs from T. claudiae by shorter oesophagous length and location of vulva. A new method for presentation of morphometric data (in percentage to standard length) in nematode is suggested. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, it is suggested that umbraculum bearing genera, Indiana, Pulchrocephala should be excluded from the family Travassosinematidae.