The aim of the study was to investigate the lymphocyte (lymph) subpopulations in peripheral blood as a part of the immune response among patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DMT1) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). Patients and methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, comparative, “case-control” study was conducted among 22 patients with DMT1 and 70 patients with DMT2. The levels of lymph subtypes [general nonspecific T-lymph (CD3+); T-helper lymph (CD4+); T-cytotoxic lymph (CD8+), natural killers [NK cells (CD3\ CD16+/CD56)] and B-lymph (CD19+)] in blood was measured and compared by flow-cytometric analisys (FAC Sort, BD). Results were compared to those of 21 healthy persons. The data was processed using the statistics software. Results: Patients with DMT1 had longer duration of the disease, compared to patients with DMT2. No significant differences between arterial blood pressure, НвА1с levels and lipid profile among the patients with DMT1 and DMT2 were present. There were no differences in the total leukocyte count between the groups (DMT1-6,91 ± 1,32.109/l; DMT2-7,28 ± 1,85.109/l; controls-6,89 ± 1,07.109/l). The results from the flowcytometric investigation showed significantly higher absolute number of T-all lymph (CD3+), Th lymph (CD4+) and all NK (CD3\ CD16+/CD56), as well as a lower absolute number of Ts (CD8+) and B (CD19+) lymph among the diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects. The Th/Ts ratio in patients with DMT1 (2,02 ± 0,44) and DMT2 (2,36 ± 0,37) was also significantly higher compared to ratio of controls (1,02 ± 0,06). No significant differences were noted in the lymph subpopulations between the two groups with DM. Conclusions: Changes of lymph types in peripheral blood in diabetic patients demonstrate immune activation and dysregulation among the two types of diabetes.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. It belongs to the group of indolent lymphoproliferative disorders and has a slow clinical course. Approximately 50% of newly diagnosed patients do not require treatment for years. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease has led to the development of models for assessment of the risk. cytometric marker CD49d in patients with early-stage of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) as well as look for a correlation between CD 49d and the early stages of the disease. For this purpose, analysis of 30 untreated patients with known and newly diagnosed B-CLL was carried out. cytometric analysis of peripheral blood, Rai staging system and chi-square test of independence (Fisher's Exact Test). The results from our study showed that a small number of patients in the early stage of the disease have high levels of CD49d expression and beta-2 microglobulins. In eight 30%, and in ten out of 29 patients, the B2M was above the markers in early stage B-CLL patients was found.