Nineteen probands with benign epilepsy of childhood and centrotemporal EEG foci (rolandic discharges), 36 of their full parents, and 34 full siblings were included in a genetic study. In these sibships (excluding probands), 15% (5/34) had seizures and rolandic discharges, and 19% (6/32) had rolandic discharges alone. Of the full parents, 11% (5/38) had seizures in chilhood but none in adult life. Only 1 parent (3%) of 36 had rolandic discharges. There was no differnence with sex. The results were tested against different genetic hypotheses and indicate that an autosomal dominant gene with age-dependent penetrance is responsible for the EEG trait.
Summary A prospective epidemiological study of the incidence of epilepsy was performed in a Swedish county. The population studied during the incidence period consisted of 52,252 children âged 0–15 years. Seventy‐four children who had had their first seizure during the period February 1, 1973‐January 31, 1974 were reexamined 3 years later. Forty‐three children were classified as having epilepsy at the follow‐up, which gives an incidence of 82/100,000. The most frequent types of epilepsy found were: primary generalized epilepsy, 12/43 (27.9%); partial epilepsies, 11/43 (25.6%); and benign epilepsy of childhood with cen‐trotemporal discharges, 11/43 (25.6%). The prognostic significance of the initial EEG findings in the group with primary generalized epilepsy was low: no differences were found between the number of children who had further seizures and the number of children who had one seizure only. On the basis of clinical and EEG findings some groups tended to run a greater risk of developing recurrent seizures than others. These risk groups were children with perinatal complications or cerebral malformations and psychomotor retardation, children with partial seizures, children with absences and 3/sec spike‐and‐wave discharges, and children with benign epilepsy of childhood. RÉSUMÉ Une étude épidémiologique prospective sur l'incidence de l'épilepsie a été effectude dans un comte suódois. La population etudide durant la periode d'incidence correspondait a 52,252 enfants âgés de 0 a 15 ans. Soixante quatorze enfants ayant presents leur premiere crise durant la periode allant du ler fevrier 1973 au 31 Janvier 1974 ont été réexaminés trois ans plus tard. Quarante trois enfants ont alors pu être considered comme épileptiques ce qui donne une incidence de 82/100,000. Les types les plus frequents d'épilepsie rencontres ont été: 12 cas sur 43 (27.9%) d' épilepsie généralisée primaire, 11 cas sur 43 (25.6%) d'epilepsies partielles, et 11 cas sur 43 (25.6%) d'épilepsie bénigne de l'enfance avec decharges centro‐temporales. La signification pronostique des donnees EEG initiales dans le groupe des enfants avec epilepsie gendralisee primaire s'est averse mediocre: il n'y a pas de difference entre le nombre d'enfants qui ont eu d'autres crises par la suite et le nombre de ceux qui n'ont eu qu'une seule crise. En se basant sur des donnóes cliniques et EEG, il est apparu que certains groupes d'enfants presentaient plus de risques de voir leurs crises se rep^ter. II s'agissait des enfants ayant eu des complications perinatales ou avec malformations cerebrales et retard psychomoteur, des enfants avec crises partielles, de ceux avec absences et ddcharges de pointe‐ondes a 3/sec, et de ceux avec une Epilepsie bónigne de l'enfance. RESUMEN En un condado sueco se ha realizado un estudio epidemiológico prospectivo de la incidencia de la epilepsia. La población estudiada durante el periodo de incidencia consistié en 52,252 ninos êntre 0 y 15 anos de edad. Setenta y cuatro ninos que tuvieron su primer ataque entre el 1 de Febrero de 197...
Earlier work showed that in a group of women suffering from partial epilepsy, there is a decrease in seizure frequency during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Moreover, iv progesterone infusions decrease the discharge frequency from penicillin epileptic foci in cats, when given in doses that reach plasma concentrations as observed during pregnancy. In the present study, iv progesterone infusions, reaching plasma concentrations as during the luteal phase, were given to 7 women with partial epilepsy. The inclusion criterion was that they should have more than one epileptic discharge per 5 min on an ordinary EEG . A 6 h EEG-registration was made. Blank and progesterone solutions were infused for 2 h respectively and the progesterone infusion was followed by a 2 h EEG recording period. 4 of the 7 patients showed a significant decrease in spike frequency during the infusion. In the patients not showing this effect, the plasma progesterone binding capacity was high. The 2 patients with the most marked progesterone effect had low progesterone binding capacity and no antiepileptic treatment. Somnolence during the test might also have influenced the results in 2 of the patients.
SUMMARY A 10 year material of patients with centro‐temporal EEG foci and seizures was studied retrospectively. 94 patients were found, all children. Estimates of the prevalence in the geographical area under study showed that this type of epilepsy with the accompanying EEG changes is about seven times more common than petit mal. A positive family history of seizures was found in 18 % of the cases, which suggests an hereditary predisposition of the same type as that proposed for petit mal and the 3/sec spike and wave trait. 55 % of the patients had had nocturnal seizures only. 40 patients were more than 15 years old and were further studied with respect to long‐term prognosis. At the follow‐up, 38 patients had been seizure‐free (with or without therapy) for between 4 and 13 (mean: 8.1) years. The patients nevertheless had met with some social difficulties on account of their seizures. Most EEGs (35 of 40) were normal or border‐line at the follow‐up. In no case did the Rolandic paroxysms persist. It is concluded that this is a benign form of convulsive disorder found exclusively in childhood. The typical case is described and the term “benign epilepsy in children with centro‐temporal EEG foci” is proposed. RESUME Un lot de patients, présentant un foyer EEG centro‐temporal et des crises, a étéétudié rétrospectivement pendant 10 ans. On a trouvé 94 sujets quiétaient tous des enfants. L'évaluation de la prévalence dans la région étudiée a montré que ce type d'épilepsie avec ses modifications EEG est environ 7 fois plus commun que le Petit Mal. Dans 17 % des cas, on a trouvé une histoire familiale de crises, ce qui suggère une prédisposition héréditaire du même type que celle proposée pour le Petit Mal et les pointe‐ondes à 3 c/s. 55 % des patients avaient présenté seulement des crises nocturnes. 40 patients avaient plus de 15 ans et ils ont été suivis par la suite pour avoir un prognostic à long terme. Dans leur évolution, 38 sujets n'avaient pas présenté de crises (avec ou sans traitement) pendant 4 à 13 ans (moyenne: 8.1ans). Néanmoins, certains patients avaient rencontré quelques difficultés sociales à cause de leurs crises. La plupart des EEG (35 sur 40) avaient été normaux ou à la limite de la normale, dans l'évolution. Dans aucun cas, il n'avait persisté de paroxysme rolandique. On‐en conclut qu'il s'agit d'une forme d'épilepsie bénigne qu'on trouve seulement dans l'enfance. Le tableau clinique typique est décrit et le terme de ←crises sylviennes bénignes de l'enfant avec foyer EEG, centro‐temporal→ est proposé.
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