Religion and spirituality (R/S) as empirically measurable and treatment-relevant variables are growing in significance in psychiatry and psychotherapy worldwide. In a survey conducted among physicians in charge of psychiatric residency training in Germany respondents were asked about the integration of R/S in their curricula. Data suggest that subjects (n = 285) attach considerable importance to R/S and especially to existential issues. The importance of R/S in psychiatric training is essentially linked to the trainers' personal views of the world and the corporate culture of the training centers. A possible selection bias and the need to integrate R/S in psychiatric training on the basis of scientific evidence and ethical considerations are discussed.