Experiments were carried out during three growing seasons of 2011 to 2013 in the farmer's field at village Jamunali of Chhendipada block in the district Angul, Odisha, India. The effect of five different single and double inlet lateral connections with three different commonly available sub-main pipe sizes (40, 50 and 63 mm) on growth characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigated brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) crop was studied. Maximum value of biometric observations such as plant height, girth at base, number of branches and leaves per plant, leaf area, root volume, root spreading diameter were found higher in case of double inlet system in comparison to single inlet system. Maximum tap root diameter, rooting depth, fruit length and fruit weight were found to be insignificant irrespective of the size of the submains connected with the laterals. However, except fruit weight all other plant characteristics were significant respective to the type of lateral connections. Water supplied through drip laterals connected with two submains of 63 mm diameter each at both sides of the plot showed better growth indicator parameters amongst the treatments. This performance also reflected in the case of yield and water use efficiency in cultivation of brinjal crop (Solanum melongena L.). Maximum yield (399.48 q/ha) and water use efficiency (880.58 kg/ha-cm) have been observed in case of double inlet system with two sub-mains of 63mm diameter and the lateral connecting to both the sub-mains at two ends (T 15). Minimum biometric values, yield (380.67 q/ha) and WUE (839.11 kg/ ha-cm) have been found in case of single inlet laterals laid on one side of sub main of 40 mm diameter (T 1). Similarly, it is established that when single inlet systems with laterals laid at one side or both sides of the sub-main are converted to the corresponding double inlet systems by looping the laterals (L 1 to L 2 and L 3 to L 4), the growth parameters and yield of the system increases which is very easy to be achieved just by incorporating some minimal cost towards in-line laterals and connectors.

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A trial was conducted during 2007 to 2009 at All India Coordinated Research Project for Dry land Agriculture Phulbani, Odisha, India., with an objective to obtain the water loss and economics of the lined ponds .There were three treatments T1-Lined pond with soil cement plaster (6:1) 8cm thickness, T2-Unlined pond, T3-No pond.10% of the cropped area was dug for construction of the pond in Lined and Unlined pond treatments. The size of the pond is 7m top widths, 1m-bottom width, 3m heights, and 1:1side slope. The water loss was 17 lit/day/m 2 in lined pond and 831 lit/day m 2 in unlined pond. Provision of dugout pond in 10 % area of the plot at the downstream side with 8 cm thickness soil cement plaster (6:1) gave 41% higher cauliflower equivalent yield compared to no pond. The B:C ratio was found to be 2.25 in lined pond. The light textured well-drained upland soils in North Eastern Ghat Zone provide scope for cultivation of vegetables during rainy season. Harvesting of this run-off water in farm pond with proper lining will conserve the run-off water and recycling of this water for lifesaving irrigation will protect the crop from drought/dry spell grown in 90% of land area. The ponds will be helpful for sustainability in productivity of dry land crops. Soil structure and organic matter status decide the water holding capacity of the soil. Keeping those points in view, the present experiment involving two water management systems (no pond and pond) has been designed.

Endometrial carcinoma is a common cancer affecting women. Different molecular alterations have been described in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EC). Among them the most frequently altered is the loss of the PTEN protein, a tumor suppressor gene, leading to microsatellite instability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression pattern of PTEN gene in normal proliferative, hyperplastic, and neoplastic endometrium. Objective: To observe the altered expression of PTEN in proliferative endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial carcinoma. Methods:This study was an observational descriptive study conducted in the Department of Pathology, M.K.C.G. Medical College, Brahmpur,Odhisha. over a two-year period in which immuno-histochemical evaluation of PTEN expression was done in 146 patients. Results:PTEN immunoreactivity was present in all normal proliferative endometrium, all simple hyperplasia, 50% of atypical hyperplasia, and in none of EC (P < 0.001). The intensity of PTEN reaction was significantly higher in the group with proliferative endometrium than atypical hyperplastic endometrium and EC (P < 0.001). Conclusion:PTEN expression was significantly higher in cyclical endometrium than in atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinoma and PTEN immunostaining may be a new and effective tool for screening of malignant and premalignant endometrial lesions.