ABSTRACT. The morphology and photosynthetic enzyme activity were studied in maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase transgenic rice and non-transgenic rice. The results showed that compared with non-transgenic rice, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase transgenic rice was taller and had a stronger stalk, wider leaves, and more exuberant root system, with increased photosynthetic enzyme activity and improved yield components. Therefore, given the superiority of this plant type and heterosis, this is a novel breeding strategy for rice for the introduction of C 4 photosynthesis genes into high-yielding rice.

ABSTRACT. Rice variation induced by the introduction of exogenous DNA has become an important method of improving rice varieties and creating new germplasms. In this study, we transferred maize genomic DNA fragments to the receptor of Nipponbare rice using a modified "pollen-tube pathway" method. Material from mutant rice B 1 and B 2 were acquired and 14 specific bands were obtained from the material using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. From the 14 specific sequences obtained, there were 3791 bp, including 144 base mutations with a base mutation rate of 3.80%. Specific bands resulted from base mutation of selective bases or restriction endonuclease recognition sequences, or insertion or deletion of DNA fragments. The frequency of single-base mutations was significantly higher than that of double-base mutations, three-sequential base mutations, and multiple-sequential base mutations. The site frequency of base substitution (87.04%) was significantly higher than that of base insertion (3.70%) or deletion (9.26%). In all cases of base substitution, the frequency of transition (76.47%) was significantly higher than transversion (23.53%). The above results indicate that transferring foreign-species DNA into rice cells can induce base mutations in the receptor, with base Mutant rice induced by exogenous corn DNA 18981©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (4): 18980-18989 (2015) substitutions occurring at the highest frequency, and the dominant type of base substitutions being transition. Preliminary analysis reveals that the molecular mechanism of transferring exogenous DNA into rice causes mutations, which provides theoretical data on biological mutagenesis for further research.

Employee-initiated bottom-up improvements and job crafting can effectively address the issue of insufficient top-down job design motivation in organizations. Therefore, this study focuses on job crafting and explores how individual and team job crafting can enhance organizational performance. First, based on the action theory, we conduct an in-depth analysis of "job crafting behavior itself," thereby constructing a dynamic process model of job crafting and elaborating on the developmental process of job crafting as well as the mutual influence between individual and team job crafting. Second, we investigate two mechanisms through which employee job crafting affects individual performance at the individual level. Finally, we apply a team process perspective to explain the role of team job crafting in team performance. The job crafting dynamic process model extracted from this study provides theoretical guidance and practical references for organizations to diffuse and solidify job crafting as a promotable work pattern.