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To produce energy from dark photons γ − , colliding it with Higgs boson particle BR(H → γγ − ) under extreme relativistic conditions (ERCs) has been proposed. The Higgs boson BR(H → γγ − ) gets excited at extreme relativistic conditions and its quantum field has an extremely short-range weak force which can create electromagnetic field. Thus, it has been assumed that the induction of an electrically charged particle dark photon γ − (non-energy level photon), into these extreme relativistic conditions will create an energy level photon, here named the Hossain dark photon (HDP). To confirm this HDP formation via a dark photon quantum interaction with a Higgs boson particle BR(H → γγ − ), a series of mathematical modeling tests using MATLAB software has been performed. Interestingly, these mathematical models revealed that the presence of extra relativistic conditions does transform the dark photon γ − into an HDP for N eff = 4.08 , respectively. Thereafter, the feasible HDP photon dynamics is also modeled using the atomic spectra contour maps of the Hamiltonian (

The objective of this study was designed to evaluate the effects of biostimulation and bioaugmentation amendment agents (NPK fertilizer, Tween 80 and mixed culture) on the bioremediation of tropical soil samples artificially contaminated with Weathered Bonny Light Crude Oil (WBLCO). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box Behnken Design (BBD) was used with three levels and three factors of NPK fertilizer (2 -6 g), Tween 80 (5 -15 mg/l) and mixed culture (0.5 -1.5 g/l) as independent variables and WBLCO removal as dependent variable (response) in a six weeks remediation period. The results showed that the rate of WBLCO removal generally increased with increase in the amount of NPK fertilizer, Tween 80 and mixed culture (biomass), respectively. A statistically significant (P < 0.0001) second-order quadratic regression model for WBLCO removal (using design-expert statistical program (v. 6.0.8)) with a coefficient of determination, R (=0.9996) was obtained. Numerical optimization technique based on desirability function was carried out to optimize the bioremediation process. The optimum values for biostimulation and bioaugmentation amendment agents to achieve a predicted maximum WBLCO removal of 84.88 percent were found to be: NPK fertilizer, 4.25 g; Tween 80, 10.22 mg/l and mixed culture, 0.46 g/l. At this optimum point, the observed WBLCO removal was found to be 83.79 percent. The statistical analyses and the closeness of the experimental results and model predictions show the reliability of the regression model and thus, biostimulation and bioaugmentation of indigenous microbial density and activity can reduce remediation period of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated environment and subsequently the cost of remediation.

Drying is an energy intensive unit operation and long drying periods tend to increase the energy requirements for the production of a unit dry product. In this study, the effect of blanching temperature-time combinations treatment conditions on the drying behavior of pineapple slices was investigated. Slices of pineapple were blanched at different temperature-time combinations before being dried in an oven dryer at a dry bulb temperature of 70 o C. Four thin-layer drying models were fitted to the experimental drying data. The results show that drying rates and drying times were affected by the blanching temperature-time combinations. Drying times increased as blanching temperature-time combinations increased. The predominant drying regime of the blanched pineapple was observed to be in the falling rate period. The logarithmic model best describe the drying behaviour of blanched pineapple slices with goodness of fit (2 R > 0.99). The effective moisture diffusivity of blanched samples decreased with increase in blanching temperature-time combinations. This implied enhanced mass transfer activities of blanched pineapple slices at decreasing blanching temperature-time combinations. Therefore, blanching pretreatment at lower temperature-time combinations in the drying of fruits and vegetables reduces the drying time and energy cost of drying.

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