In in-vivo experiments, one of the fastest killers of metabolic processes is prolonged accumulation of free radicals, which are often accomplices of lipid peroxidation reactions. In this wise, though numerous studies have advocated its managements with anti-oxidants, research on antioxidants from herbal source remain inconclusive. Thus, current study determined the anti-antioxidant and lipid lowering tendencies of methanol leaf extract of Dennettia tripetala on alloxan induced diabetic mice. Sixty five (65) mice were procured and randomly assigned into thirteen (13) groups of five mice each. Following period of acclimatization (2 weeks), animals were fed with various treatment as follows; Group 1 (normal control), group 2 (diabetic control), group 3 (received 5 mg/kg of Glibenclamide, a known anti-diabetic agent) and groups 4-13 were given 250 and 500 mg/kg doses of Methanol Extract [ME], N-Hexane Fraction [NH], Ethyl Acetate Fraction [EAF], Butanol [BF] and Water [WF] Fractions respectively. At the end of six (6) weeks treatment period, animals were subjected to overnight fast, with Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels obtained by means of a glucometer, serum lipid profile levels were assayed (using a spectrophotometer) after obtaining blood samples by cardiac puncture. In the end, obtained data were subjected to statistical comparisons of mean differences, using the one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Study observed a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) in FBG levels of extract treated group [ME] within 10 hours of acute treatment and 14 days short term treatment. Also, Administration of various treatments evoked a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoproteins, with a preponderant significant elevation (p < 0.05) of high density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) levels when compared with diabetic control.

In the human nervous system, available studies assert; that the Neuroglia cells (special neurons in the brain) may provide structural support and/or regenerative tendencies (gliosis) to damages within the circuitry. This study conducted to investigate the activity of Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract on the regenerative functions of the cerebellum of lead II acetate exposed wistar rats. A total of twenty five (25) Wistar rats were divided into five (5) groups of five (5) rats each. With Group one (1) receiving standard rat diet and water only (control group), Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively got 252.98 mg/kg/day of aqueous O. gratissimum leaves extract for 35 days, 180 mg/kg of lead II acetate for 21 days, 180 mg/kg of lead II acetate for 21 days with continued treatment of 126.49 mg/kg of O. gratissimum leaf extract for 35 days, and 180 mg/kg of lead II acetate with continued treatment of 252.98 mg/kg of O. gratissimum leaf extract for 21 days. Rats were then euthanized Aigbiremolen et al.; INDJ, 12(2): 1-10, 2018; Article no.INDJ.46550 2 (after treatment period), with blood samples obtained and assayed for biochemical changes. Histological and stereological examinations were also conducted for cerebella tissue. Upon comparison with control (group I), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) returned a significantly high GSH value for group one rats as compared to other groups. Even though huge degeneration was seen for group III rats, Cerebella Malonaldehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione and Catalase levels, were relatively low across groups IV and V as against the control. Histological section through group I rats showed cerebella purkinje layer appearing deeply basophilic, with a characteristically condensed Nissl granule, thus describing a normal architecture of the cerebellar cortex. Pyramidal and granular axonic and dendritic cells were also seen to have embedded neuropils within group II rats. Conclusively, Study has shown that O. gratissimum extract consumption may be potent for low to minimal anti-oxidant effect, and regenerative tendencies (gliosis) on the cerebellum. More sophisticated but similar studies are recommended for other areas of the brain. Original Research Article

Background: Though prolonged use of glucocorticoids has been reported to promote adverse effects, traditionally, high-dose glucocorticoids have been implicated in immune-suppression following organ transplant with Cortisone being a well-known artificial glucocorticoid. Objectives: This study investigated the histo-architectural and functional changes in pancreatic beta cells due to Cortisone administration. Materials and Methods: Forty two (42) Wistar rats (140 -200 kg) were assigned into seven groups of six (6) rats each with group A acting as a control. While groups B and C were respectively treated with 0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg of Cortisone, groups D and E received 0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg of Aigbiremolen et al.; AJRIMPS, 6(2): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJRIMPS.46804 2 Cortisone respectively plus 33 mg/kg of Ketoconazole; whereas, groups F and G were respectively given 0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg of Cortisone alongside 150 mg/kg of Vitamin E each for twenty-eight (28) days. After 28 days of administration, rats were euthanized and blood samples collected for insulin assay. Pancreatic tissues were also harvested and observed for histo-morphological changes. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found Cortisone to have significantly (p < .05) increased glucose level in a dose dependent manner. This was however attenuated following coadministration of Ketoconazole and Vitamin E as Ketoconazole showed more potency in this ameliorating effect. Also, Cortisone was observed to significantly decrease (in dose dependent fashion), pancreatic β-cell functions, with attenuating effect seen following co-administration of Ketoconazole. Conclusion: It is recommended that caution is applied with the intake of glucocorticoids, especially in polypharmacy while treating certain ailments. Original Research Article