The paper presents analysis of the structure of HIV-infected persons at different stages of the development of the HIV epidemic process in the Tyumen region (no autonomous areas) from the moment of the first case registration until 2018. We used descriptive-evaluative, analytical, statistical and epidemiological research methods taking into account intensive and extensive indicators, the structure of HIV-infected persons, the identification of trend in the epidemic process. Analysis of the long-term and intra-annual dynamics of the morbidity and prevalence of HIV infection in the Tyumen region clearly showed that the epidemiological situation in the region is alarmingly tense, but the concentration of health authorities and the sanitary-epidemiological service have already yielded positive results in this direction.

Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения России, 650056, Кемерово, Российская Федерация Беременность и роды у юных В настоящее время остается актуальной проблема беременности и родов у юных женщин. Ювенильная беременность -проблема не только медицинская, но и психологическая, и экономическая. Цель исследования -изучить особенности течение беременности, исходы родов для матери и плода у юных женщин. Материал и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ историй болезней 400 женщин в ГАУЗ КО «Кемеровская областная клиническая больница им. С.В. Беляева», Областной перинатальный центр г. Кемерово, с 2015 по 2018 г. Основная группа включала 200 девушек младше 18 лет, контрольная -200 девушек в возрасте 20-25 лет. Использовались клинические и статистические методы исследования. Результаты. У беременных подростков установлены более молодой возраст наступления менархе, более раннее начало половой жизни, никотиновая зависимость, отсутствие методов контрацепции, большинство из них не состоит в браке по сравнению с возрастной группой женщин 20-25 лет. Течение беременности у юных не отличалось от более старших женщин, однако у юных преобладали преждевременные и оперативные роды. Состояние здоровья новорожденных одинаковое. Ключевые слова: беременность, роды, состояние здоровья новорожденных, юные женщины Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Introduction: HIV prevention and spread of this infection remain key issues of epidemiology. In this respect, appropriate preventive measures are taken in the Tyumen Region among prisoners, a specific group at risk of HIV infection and spread. In terms of epidemiology, it seems important to analyze HIV awareness among convicts for further elaboration or amendment of preventive actions currently taken in the region for this contingent. Objective: To assess the level of awareness of HIV risks under conditions of the penitentiary system among prisoners. Materials and methods: The survey method, descriptive-evaluative, analytical, statistical and epidemiological research methods with the calculation of intensive and extensive indicators are used in the work. The method of collecting primary sociological information is a questionnaire survey (November, 2021) of prisoners by entering answers into the author's questionnaire on paper. HIV-negative prisoners took part in the survey (n = 60; 20-50 years old; CI = 95 %; criterion sample). Results: The questionnaire-based survey of 60 male prisoners showed that the respondents were confident in a zero risk of HIV infection. Half of them believed that they would never get HIV while 95 % (n = 57) considered prison to be a risk-free zone. Only 63.3 % (n = 38) of the inmates agreed that any sexual intercourse posed a HIV risk. Besides, 73.3 % (n = 44) had never used intravenous drugs (they used non-parenteral drugs or not on a regular basis); 16.6 % (n = 10) favored “light” psychoactive substances or their temporary use. Fifty-five percent (n = 33) of the respondents were unaware of the recommended frequency of HIV testing and 38.8 % (n = 23) of them had been tested for HIV more than a year before the survey. Consequently, the members of the risk group do not realize themselves part of the problem, are poorly informed, and know little about HIV prevention and factors contributing to the spread of this deadly disease. Conclusions: The social group of prisoners is an important component in containment of the HIV epidemic process in the region. The survey results necessitate improvement of the HIV outreach program in the correctional system.

Aim. Identification of opportunities to influence the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection.Materials and methods. Mathematical modeling and statistical analysis methods were used to assess the epidemiological situation forecast. In addition, the work uses methods of epidemiological research: analytical, descriptive and evaluative, statistical observation method with the calculation of intensive and extensive indicators, a continuous observational retrospective epidemiological study in the volume of the General population over a long period.Results. A retrospective analysis of the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in a region with a high level of HIV infection over a 26-year period since the first case was registered in 1993 showed that a concentrated stage of the epidemic has formed in the region at the present stage with an average annual rate of HIV growth of +259,9% against the national rate of +31,4%. By the end of 2018 a characteristic trend in the age structure of HIV is to reduce the proportion of persons aged up to 24 years, the prevalence of persons 35–44 years of age, a notable increase of the age group 55–64 years with a predominance of women infected by heterosexual sex (55,8 per cent). Predicting the epidemiological situation in relation to the age structure of HIV-infected people until 2023 showed a steady trend towards an increase in the HIV-positive age group up to 14 years, 40– 49 years, 50 years and older. There is a fairly high rate of HIV transmission among women.Conclusions. At the present stage of development of the epidemic process of HIV infection, the main share of HIV-infected people is 35–44 years old (72,4%). The results obtained during the study of predicting the development of the epidemic situation with regard to HIV infection until 2023 allow us to focus the anti-epidemic work of epidemiologically significant age groups.

The purpose statement is to identify and assess the risk factors determined by the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the area of high concentration of the risk group.Object of study. 365 deceased HIV-infected were identified, of which: the study group — 222 prisoners who died HIV-infected on the basis of the Regional Hospital of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the city of Tyumen for the period 2008–2018; control group — 143 civilian (law-abiding) patients who died HIVinfected on the basis of the Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital for the period 2011–2018.Research methods. The work used the methods of epidemiological research, mathematical modeling and forecasting, logistic regression of stepwise inclusion with ROC analysis.Results. To assess the epidemiological situation in relation to the incidence of HIV infection in places of detention, the longterm dynamics of the development of the epidemic process was studied with an assessment of priority risk factors, forecasting the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection with the establishment of social significance and risk for the civilian population over a long period. The probability of developing a fatal outcome in HIV-positive men serving sentences is 4.7 times higher than among civilian men, while 14.6 times higher when infected with HIV by parenteral (narcotic) infection, 4.8 times higher with concomitant viral hepatitis and 20 times higher in the presence of a respiratory disease, 99.2% higher in the clinical stages of HIV infection 3, 4A, 4B than in civilians.Conclusion. Prisoners have an unfavorable situation for HIV infection with high mortality. A set of organizational and preventive measures to prevent the spread of HIV among prisoners at the present stage should be strengthened with an emphasis on groups at increased risk and progression of infection.