Nowadays, composite beams and columns were used as structural members for their higher strength and rigidity for load-carrying structures. Generally, the concrete-encased composite column has a compound section formed by the steel section and the surrounding concrete will be made by a composite. Based on the studies of steel encased concrete sections based on experimental and computational analysis over static and dynamic load cases shows advantages over the conventionally use structural steel or reinforced concrete in terms of ductility and shear resistance. The structure can experience static loads as well as fatigue loads in some situations. So the behavior of structural elements under differential loading should be obtained to design them effectively. A similar shape of the column section plays a key role in resisting lateral buckling under axial compression. This paper compares the behaviour of steel concrete composite sections by varying the shape and size for both concrete infilled and encased conditions based on the earlier research works.

The research region, Kallipatti, is surrounded by coconut farms, coir pith companies, and other businesses, and people report that water has become their primary concern in the last three years. Skin and eye allergies, as well as lung and throat infections, have been on the rise. Coir pith degrades slowly and can be found in the soil for long periods of time. Coir pith is tenacious and accumulates in the environment, generating hillocks that pollute the environment in locations near coir fibre extraction plants. These units contribute significantly to the pollution of the environment, both on land and in the water. Coir pith is easily blown by the wind, causing pollution in the air. The leaching of tannin and salts from coir pith hillocks during monsoon rains pollutes ground water, which is detrimental to fisheries, animals, and humans because most of these pollutants are difficult to remove using waste treatment procedures. Because of the vast quantities of coir pith kept, leachates containing residual phenol from these landfills seep into the soil, thereby polluting it. and causes contamination of ground water, especially during the rainy season. It’s a great place for rats and other bug pests to breed. Despite the fact that coir pith is a hazardous waste, it can be turned into beneficial organic manure by microbial breakdown. Pollution sources are identified, soil samples are taken, physical properties of the soil samples are measured, and critical nutrients for crop growth such as nitrogen and soil OC (organic carbon) are examined in this study. These criteria should be evaluated to determine the health of the soil. The results are compared to IS code 1498-1970 (Soil classification and identification) and IS 2720-1985 (Methods of testing for soils).