Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from adult human tissues are capable of proliferating in vitro and maintaining their multipotency, making them attractive cell sources for regenerative medicine. However, the availability and capability of self-renewal under current preparation regimes are limited. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) now offer an alternative, similar cell source to MSCs. Herein, we established new methods for differentiating hiPSCs into MSCs via mesoderm-like and neuroepithelium-like cells. Both derived MSC populations exhibited self-renewal and multipotency, as well as therapeutic potential in mouse models of skin wounds, pressure ulcers, and osteoarthritis. Interestingly, the therapeutic effects differ between the two types of MSCs in the disease models, suggesting that the therapeutic effect depends on the cell origin. Our results provide valuable basic insights for the clinical application of such cells.

A mixed-signal CMOS circuit design of a smart RF ID tag for heartbeat signal extraction is proposed. This smart RF ID tag has been under development for monitoring heartbeat signals from an electrocardiogram (ECG) microsensor and/or a pressure microsensor implanted in a transgenic animal. This tag is remotely powered by RF electromagnetic induction. The signal packet consisting of an identification code of 64 bits in length and a spike-pulse sequence of heartbeat signals are transmitted to a reader system using BASK modulation.

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introductionReduction of the power consumption is an important requirement in the case of high-speed memory in the batteryoperated system. The feedback type DLL[l] used in the high-speed interface increases the power dissipation due to the ceaseless and frequent feedback calibration. On the other hand, mirror type DLL is an attractive technology, which does not have a feedback loop and generates internal clock in two clock cycles by using two clock pulse intervals.Among mirror type DLLs. an analog typeI21, by virtue of its quantized-error-free-characteristics, is superior to the digital type [3.4]. However, precise operation of the architecture in Ref.2 is difficult. because matching between charging and discharging current sources is required. In particular, at low supply voltage, the applied voltage to the current sources, being only half of the supply voltage, results in the nonlinearity and mismatch of the sources.In this paper, we describe a new architecture of an analog mirror type DLL which can achieve precise operation at the supply voltage of 1.6V.