Bone marrow mesenchymal cells have been identified as a source of pluripotent stem cells with multipotential potential and differentiation in to the different cells types such as are osteoblast, chondroblast, adipoblast. In this research we describe pioneering experiment of tissue engineering in Bosnia and Herzegovina, of the isolation and differentiation rat bone marrow stromal cells in to the osteoblast cells lineages. Rat bone marrow stromal cells were isolated by method described by Maniatopulos using their plastic adherence capatibility. The cells obtained by plastic adherence were cultured and serially passaged in the osteoinductive medium to differentiate into the osteocytes. Bone marrow samples from rats long bones used for isolation of stromal cells (BMSCs). Under determinate culture conditions BMSCs were differentiated in osteogenic cell lines detected by Alizarin red staining three weeks after isolation. BMSCs as autologue cells model showed high osteogenetic potential and calcification capatibility in vitro. In future should be used as alternative method for bone transplantation in Regenerative Medicine.

Recently published data indicate that vitamin D abnormalities are common in sar coidosis patients. The purpose of this study was to compar e serum vitamin 25(OH)D levels among sarcoidosis patients with differ ent clinical courses of the disease. The study also included the first obser vations on cognitive functions (i.e. depr ession and fatigue syndrome) in r elation to vitamin D deficiency in sar coidosis patients. At the Biochemical Laboratory of the Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, vitamin D25(OH)D was measur ed using the Elecsys ® Vitamin D total test. A total of 226 patients with biopsy-positive sarcoidosis were analyzed. The average median value of ser um vitamin D was 9.47 mg/L, suggesting severe deficiency. Statistically significant cor relation was found in patients with chronic disease and low levels of serum vitamin 25(OH)D (Chi-Squar e=6.044; df=2; p=0.014). The patient group with vitamin D serum levels higher than 20 mg/L showed higher levels of the mean for ced vi tal capacity (FVC) by 380 mL, and for ced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) by 220 mL, when compared to the patient group with lower serum vitamin D. A statistically significant role was established for serum vitamin 25(OH)D levels as the pr edictor of fatigue (R 2 =0.878; p=0.038 (b=0.216)) and depression in patients with sar coidosis (R 2 =0.8 0; p=0.000 (b=0.391)). The insufficiency of 25(OH)D seems to be an important factor in pr edicting the course of chr onic disease, significant lung function impair ments and cognitive failur es such as fatigue and depr ession. The fact that the majo rity of the analyzed sarcoidosis patients had totally deficient ser um 25(OH)D levels made this finding even mor e notable.

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Tetanus is caused by the bacterium, Clostridium tetani, and can infect both domestic animals and man. The disease is rarely diagnosed in cats, as a consequence of their increased resistance to the neurotoxin, tetanospasmin. Mortality in animals is generally high (80%). To date these authors have not been able to locate any reports of mortality rates specific to cats. Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical signs and a history of an untreated penetrating wound. This case report describes the development of moderate generalized tetanus in an approximately six month old female stray cat, found with an untreated wound on the side of its neck. This report describes clinical signs, treatment and recovery of the animal.

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