The complete aerial plant surfaces (above-ground sections) were referred to as the phyllosphere, which served as a microorganism home. On the leaf surface, microorganisms form compositionally complex communities. Bacteria, fungus, Actinomycetes, Cyanobacteria, and viruses abound in the phyllosphere's microbiome. The physiochemistry, habitat, and immunity of the host plant all influence the variety, dispersal, and community growth on the leaf surface. A colonisation process is a significant occurrence that benefits both the microorganism and the host plant. On the phyllosphere, microbes often establish either an epiphytic or an endophytic life cycle, which aids the host plant's functional communication with the surrounding environment. These communities regulate plant fitness, mediate foliar functional features, and contribute to a variety of ecological activities, including nutrient and water cycling. Beneficial microbes, can be used in agriculture to improve plant growth, health, and production. Growth-promoting bacteria and biocontrol agents isolated from the phyllosphere of various plant species have thus far been underutilised compared to those isolated from the soil or rhizosphere. Successful examples include the treatment of plant diseases, pathogen reduction, and nitrogen fixation in natural and agricultural systems. Based on existing research, this review gives a fundamental overview of the microbiome in leaf structure and it's physiology, microbial interactions, particularly among bacteria, fungus, and actinomycetes, and their adaptability in the phyllosphere environment. The work is the compilation of the importance of microbiome in the phyllosphere to the host plant and its surroundings which has been collected in detail and put together here.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is known to have caused serious negative effects on the health and mental wellbeing of people. Yoga is an easily available, relatively inexpensive, and safe non-pharmacological form of practice and has been found to have physiological and mental health benefits. Aim: To look into the effects of yoga therapy in the reduction of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among a cohort of office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among office workers using a yoga protocol developed for this study. The validated DASS-42 scale was used to assess the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress before and after the intervention. Results: A significant reduction was observed in the mean scores for depression (61.36%), anxiety (62.79%), and stress (62.63%) respectively among the 240 participants following the 30-day programme of yoga therapy. Conclusions: Yoga therapy used in the above context appears to have helped in reducing depression, anxiety, and stress among office workers during the pandemic. Randomised controlled trials with larger sample sizes and better clinical method designs are needed to evaluate the level of evidence and effectiveness of yoga therapy in the treatment of above conditions.