Complexes of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with L-phenylalanine in the presence of non-ionic surfactants, at an ionic strength of 0.16 mol dm -3 and temperature 303 K are investigated pH-metrically. The existence of different binary complex species is established from modelling studies using the computer program MINIQUAD75. The increased stability of the complexes with increasing micellar content is explained by electrostatic forces. The influence of the micelles on the chemical speciation is discussed based on the mole fraction of the medium. Distribution diagrams of various species of the complexes in relation to pH are presented.

Complexation of toxic metal ions with maleic acid in (0.0-2.5% w/v) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-water mixtures has been studied pH-metrically at ambient conditions and an ionic strength of 0.16 mol L -1 . The existence of different binary species was established from modelling studies using the computer program MINIQUAD75. The best-fit chemical models were selected based on statistical parameters such as the crystallographic R factor and sum of the squares of residuals in mass-balance equations. The models for binary complex systems contain the chemical species ML 2 , ML 2 H and ML 3 for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) in CTAB-water mixtures. The trend in the variation of stability constants with change in the mole fraction of the medium was explained based on electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces. Distribution of the species with pH at different compositions of CTAB-water mixtures was also presented.

ABSTRACT. Binary complexes of maleic acid with toxic metal ions such as Pb(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) have been studied in 0.0-2.5% v/v tritonX-100 (TX100) -water media at 303 K at an ionic strength of 0.16 M. The active forms of the ligand are LH2, LH -and L 2-. The derived 'best fit' chemical speciation models are based on crystallographic R-factors, χ 2 and Skewness and Kurtosis factors. The predominant species formed are of the type ML2, ML2H and ML3. The trend in variation of complex stability constants with change in the mole fraction of the medium is explained on the basis of prevailing electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces. The species distribution as a function of pH at different compositions of TX100-water mixtures and plausible speciation equilibria are presented and discussed.

To gain more information about the effect of surfactant on salicylic acid derivatives, the stoichiometric protonation constants of 5-Sulphosalicylic acid and 5-Hydroxysalicylic acid in 0.0%-2.5% (w/v) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) -water mixtures were determined at an ionic strength of 0.16 mol dm -3 and at 303 K. A potentiometric method was used and the calculation of constants was carried out using the computer program MINIQUAD75. These protonation constants values have been found to shift in micellar media as compared to those in pure water. The differences in the values have been attributed to the solvent properties of the interfacial and bulk phases involving contribution from the micellar surface potential in the case of charged micelles. The trend of log values of step-wise protonation constants with mole fraction of the medium have been explained based on specific solute-solvent interactions. In this study Distributions of species, percentage of species composition, protonation equilibria and effect of influential parameters on the protonation were also discussed.

Ischemic Mitral regurgitation is a leakage of blood backward through the mitral valve each time the left ventricle contraction. Patients are often ill with significant hemodynamic instability (Acute) needs urgent medical treatment. During normal cycle mitral valve (bicuspid valve) opens and closes normally. But in mitral regurgitation mitral valve does not opens and closes properly. The blood  from right atrium moves to right ventricle then mitral valve does not closes properly leads to blood ejected back to right atrium which results in pulmonary edema and increases pulmonary hypertension. Ischemic Mitral regurgitation leads to complication of acute myocardial infraction and coronary artery disease