The modified technique applied to the second group seemed to improve valve continence results significantly. However, a longer follow-up period is required for the latter group to validate this technical enhancement.
The pathophysiology of CCSVI is yet to be defined. The superior cava venous system is highly complex in terms of anatomy and possible anomalies, as well as its haemodynamic mechanisms. Further studies are required to define the parameters of diagnosis and treatment of CCSVI.
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