The present study has been carried out in an attempt to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns with special reference to susceptibility of Salmonella Typhi to ciprofloxacin isolated from blood culture. The study is also designed to find out the MIC of Ciprofloxacin by E-test. Blood samples were taken for culture sensitivity, Widal test and ICT from 100 clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever in 1 st week of illness who attended at out patient department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH).The study was done in Microbiology Department of Rajshahi Medical College and Shishu Hospital, Dhaka. Diagnosis of patients was based on history of fever, blood culture, Widal test and ICT. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates from blood culture was recorded. Further more, the minimum inhibitory concentration of Ciprofloxacin was determined by E-test for the isolates resistance to Ciprofloxacin. Out of 100 suspected cases of typhoid fever, blood culture positive for S. Typhi were 16 (16%). Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of 16 isolates of S. Typhi showed that no isolate was resistant to Ceftriaxone and Ceftazidime, only 03(18.75%) were resistant to Ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin whereas 10(62.5%) were MDR showing resistance to Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazole and Chloramphenicol which are first-line antityphoidal drugs. On the other hand, all (100%) the isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid.The study revealed that Ceftriaxone and Ceftazidime are the most effective drugs in the treatment of typhoid fever. Moreover, E-test has been found to be helpful to determine appropriate therapeutic dose of Ciprofloxacin specially in case of drug resistance and pediatric population.

Original Research ArticleIntroduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) account for significant health burden among all age groups. Isolation and identification of the uropathogens by bacterial culture and selection of appropriate antimicrobial drugs through susceptibility testing is the mainstay in management of UTI cases. Material & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Rajshahi Medical College (RMC) to evaluate the performance of a Chromogenic agar medium (commercially named as HiCrome UTI agar) and conventional culture system like Blood agar (BA) and MacConkey (MAC) agar for isolation and presumptive identification of the uropathogens. Results: Slightly higher bacterial growth was noted among female (29.33%) than male (17.00%) patients as a whole and 15-45 years was the leading age group with higher number of culture positive cases. Out of 300 urine samples cultured, a total of 139 (46.33%) yielded bacterial growth and 161 (53.67%) were negative for bacterial growth. Bacterial isolates included E. coli 91(62.75%), Klebsiella spp. 18(12.41%), Enterococcus spp. 16(11.03%), Pseudomonas spp. 09(06.28%), Staph. saprophyticus 05(3.44%), Enterobactor spp. 04(2.75%) and Proteus spp. 02(1.37%). It is evident from the present study that both HiCrome UTI agar and BA media supported growth of all 145 bacteria, while MAC agar yielded 133(91.72%) bacterial growths. The rate of presumptive identification of the isolates was found significantly higher (97.24%) on HiCrome UTI agar when compared with the MacConkey agar (80.68%) and Blood agar (27.58%) media. In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, majority of the isolates showed very high (78% -100%) sensitivity to Imipenem. Ceftazidime and Cefuroxime were also found efficacious against E. coli and Staph. saprophyticus, while Klebsella spp., Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp. and Proteus spp. showed variable sensitivity to these drugs. Further, most of the isolates showed moderate to poor sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Cephalexin, Amoxicillin and Cotrimoxazole. (Minimize that red mark) Conclusion: HiCrome UTI agar can be recommended as primary urine culture medium to be used by the clinical microbiology laboratories.

Objectives : To determine the prevalence, aetiology and susceptibility profile of bacterial agents of wound infection among in- and- out patients.Methods : Wound swabs collected from 150 patients were, cultured and microbial isolates identified using standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done on bacterial isolates.Results : Of the 150 swabs 131 (87.4%) were culture positive for bacterial pathogens, while 19 (12.6%) were bacteriologically sterile showing an isolation rate of 87.4%. The predominant bacteria isolated from the infected wounds were Staphylococcus aureus 47 (32.4%) followed by Escherichia coli 29 (20%), Proteus species 23 (16%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 21 (14.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 14 (10%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11 (8%). All isolates showed high frequency of resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, cephalothin and tetracycline. The flouroquinolones were the most potent antimicrobial agents against bacterial isolates from both in - and out -patients.Conclusion : Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant etiologic agent of wound infection among in and out patients. A generally higher resistance pattern was observed among nosocomial bacterial pathogens. Prudent use of antibiotics is recommended.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 136-141

Objective: The present study was done to see the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from wound infection.Methods: Wound swabs collected from 150 patients of wound infection were cultured and microbial isolates identified using standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on bacterial isolates by Modified Kirby Bauer method.Results: Of the 150 swabs 131 (87.4%) were culture positive for bacterial pathogens, while 19 (12.6%) were bacteriologically sterile showing an isolation rate of 87.4%. The predominant bacteria isolated from the infected wounds were Staphylococcus aureus 47 (32.4%) followed by Escherichia coli 29 (20%), Proteus species 23 (16%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci 21 (14.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 14 (10%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11 (8%).In case of gram positive bacteria- rate of isolates resistant to ampicillin was 94%, followed by penicillin G, 86.8%, Tetracycline, 51.5%. In case of gram negative bacteria- rate of isolates resistant to ampicillin was 96%, followed by cephalothin, 92.4%, Tetracycline, 74%.Conclusion: In antimicrobial susceptibility testing ampicillin, penicillin, cephalothin and tetracycline were the least effective. Gentamicin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and amikacin were the most effective antibiotics.TAJ 2013; 26: 61-66

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