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A b s t r o bThis work investigates the impact of a fast switching fault current limiter PCL) on a distance protection scheme. The FCL is modeled ntilizing GTOs to insert a resistive impedance in and on1 of the protected line. The examination is performed by analyzing the transient response of distance relay elements with and without the presence of the FCL in a protective scheme. Relay sdediviiy is explored while placing the FCL in front and behind the relay element. Furthermore, problems such as multiple tripping and nuisance tripping are investigated and solutions to these problems are addressedIndex T e n n e fault current limiter, distance protection, distribution system, mho relay . SYSTEM CONCEPTS A. Operaling Principle off! Fost Switching FCLFast switching is a form or current limiting that involves a rapid switch h i t commutes the current to an impedance connected in parallel during the occurrence of a fault [Y]. The switch mechanism nee& to occur on the order of microseconds and is usually performed h o u g h the use of a semi-conductor or extremely fast acting mechanical switch. Figure 1 shows a diagram of a fast switching FCL that utilize GTOs to perform the fast switching function and a resistor as its current limiting impedance.

An approach is presented for estimation of parameter values for a transformer saturation model from data acquired from transformer inrush tests, along with data from steady state operation. The approach is used to estimate parameter values for a saturation-enabled transformer model for a commercial real-time digital simulator. The proposed method is used to set up a simple transformer experiment and determine the model parameters that govern the important saturation characteristics. The method is tested using data from simulated transformer experiments.