Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse aims to correct morphology and restore function. Many techniques are available, but none can be considered a gold standard. Abdominal approaches differ with regard to abdominal access, extent of rectal mobilisation, technique of rectal pexy, and concomitant sigmoid resection. Local (perineal/transanal) procedures plicate or resect the rectum. The choice of operative approach is based on the patient's condition and expected outcome of the procedure, e.g. recurrence rate, morbidity, and function. Abdominal operations are favored in fit patients, while local procedures are considered for the elderly and frail. This review compares differences in the most common techniques, focussing on recurrence, morbidity, and functional outcome.

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The helicoCare test showed sufficient sensitivity and satisfying specificity for H pylori diagnosis similar to or better than those of rapid urease test or ELISA. The helicoCare whole blood test may be useful for in-office H pylori diagnosis especially in patients under 45 years.

Immunochemical stool blood tests have a significantly higher sensitivity for the detection of advanced neoplasia and colorectal cancer. Based on national and international studies it has been required to include them into the national cancer screening programme in Germany also. The sensitivity (detection limit) can be set by the manufacturer in order to achieve an optimal and balanced result between sensitivity and specificity. The present study was conducted with 639 patients who have undergone both the screening colonoscopy, as well as the immunochemical stool blood test. The test "immoCARE-C" provided by the company CARE diagnostica Laborreagenzien GmbH was used in the study. The test has been evaluated with seven levels of detection limits between 500  ng/mL and 25  ng/mL. The best sensitivity for detection of advanced lesions was demonstrated by a cut-off of 50 ng/mL and 25  ng/mL. The specificity did not fall below 90  %. These positive results lead to considerations to organise a primary access to such tests in the prevention of colorectal cancer as a kind of filter before offering the screening colonoscopy.

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